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The Faroe Islands hold a key position in the North Atlantic region for tephra studies due to their relative proximity to Iceland. Several tephras have been described over the last 50 years in peat and lake sediment sequences, including the type sites for the Saksunarvatn and Mjáuvøtn tephras. Here we present a comprehensive overview of Holocene tephras found on the Faroe Island. In total 23 tephra
The demographic shift is fast becoming a global challenge and an important public health concern. The proportion of people over 65 years is currently 10% around the world, but it is expected to rise to 22% by the year 2050 [1]. Populations ageing rapidly is widely seen as one of the most powerful transformative forces affecting society over the next four decades [1–4]. The ageing population is pro
Purpose City logistics projects often include urban consolidation centres (UCCs) to reduce the environmental impact of transportation by consolidating the goods flow in cities. However, there is limited knowledge about the actual environmental effects of such consolidation, e.g. in terms of number of vehicles in a city and the congestion, nuisances and emissions. The purpose of the paper is to mea
Indoor environments have a large impact on health and well-being, so it is important to understand what makes them healthy and sustainable. There is substantial knowledge on individual factors and their effects, though understanding how factors interact and what role occupants play in these interactions (both causative and receptive) is lacking. We aimed to: (i) explore interactions between factor
The aim of this paper is to present the construction of a male genetic linkage map as a result of the bovine genome mapping project, which is a common effort of the German cattle breeding federation (ADR), four animal breeding institutes, three blood group laboratories and two animal data and breeding value evaluation centres. In total 20 grandsires with 1074 sires were provided from the German ca
„White biotechnology“- the third and latest wave of biotechnology - is aiming to replace the well-established C2/C3 chemistry based on oil and gas by biological processes. The backbone of biotechnology is the conversion by fermentation which is widely established in the production of antibiotics, enzymes, bioethanol and organic acids. One of the key concepts related to “white biotechnology” are so
IntroductionIncreasing oil prices and growing environmental concerns in recent years have driven the development of renewable biofuels. Stimulated by this, the European production of bioethanol, which is produced by fermentation of sugar components in biomass, has nearly doubled in the last two years increasing from 913 million litres in 2005 to 1,565 million litres in 2006. The continuation of
BACKGROUND: Integrated health promotion improves clinical outcomes after hospital treatment. The first step towards implementing evidence-based health promotion in hospitals is to estimate the need for health promoting activities directed at hospital patients. The aim of this study was to identify the distribution and association of individual health risk factors in a Norwegian hospital population
The convergence properties of different updating methods for the multipliers in augmented Lagrangians are considered. It is assumed that the updating of the multipliers takes place after each line search of a quasi-Newton method. Two of the updating methods are shown to be linearly convergent locally, while a third method has superlinear convergence locally. Modifications of the algorithms to ensu
Proteomics, the detailed understanding of the role that proteins play in health and disease, is a necessary complement to genetic analysis. Rapid progress within the proteomics field has opened up possibilities for direct intervention in the medical and clinical area where diseases, disease progression and cause of disease can be investigated at a molecular level. This review introduces the proteo
In this paper we extend the eliminant construction of Burchnall and Chaundy for commuting differential operators in the Heisenberg algebra to the q-deformed Heisenberg algebra and show that it again provides annihilating curves for commuting elements, provided q satisfies a natural condition. As a side result we obtain estimates on the dimensions of the eigenspaces of elements of this algebra in i
Founded on recent empirical experiences and results from a Housing Adaptation Project accomplished in a Swedish municipality, this paper aims to elucidate and problematize challenges inherent in the process of developing research-based strategies for housing adaptation (HA) evaluations feasible for municipality contexts. In this paper, theory and conceptual definitions of client-level outcomes rel
Simple analytical upper bounds, approximations and lower bounds on the error functionQ(x)are presented and analyzed. A class of functions are given, where the choice of two parameters result in good upper bounds, lower bounds and approximations onQ(x). The results are given in formulas, parameter tables and graphs. The approximations are suitable for programmable pocket calculators.
The T matrix for scattering of waves by a circular disk is derived. Both the scalar (Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions) and the vector (perfectly conducting disk) cases are considered and the use of alternative choices for surface field functions is discussed in detail, and it is found that either type of the surface field representation is equally good for the disk case. Analytic expressi
Multitype branching processes have been employed to determine the stack algorithm computational distribution for one subtree. These results are extended here to the distribution of the number of computations in any finite number of subtrees. Starting from the computational distribution forK-1subsequent subtrees, a recurrent equation for the distribution forKsubsequent subtrees is determined.
