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Background and ObjectivesIdentifying a clinically meaningful change in cognitive test score is essential when using cognition as an outcome in clinical trials. This is especially relevant because clinical trials increasingly feature novel composites of cognitive tests. Our primary objective was to establish minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for commonly used cognitive tests, using a

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether endometrial volume or power Doppler indices as measured by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging can discriminate between benign and malignant endometrium, to compare their diagnostic performance with that of endometrial thickness measurement using two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound examination, and to determine whether power Doppler indices add any diagnostic inf

An increased risk of developing asthma has been reported among swimmers exposed to chloramine in pool arenas. The aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms among elite aspiring swimmers compared with age-matched controls with different degrees of physical activity. We also aimed to relate these findings to mental and psychosocial factors. One hundred

Emerging photovoltaics (PVs) focus on a variety of applications complementing large scale electricity generation. Organic, dye-sensitized, and some perovskite solar cells are considered in building integration, greenhouses, wearable, and indoor applications, thereby motivating research on flexible, transparent, semitransparent, and multi-junction PVs. Nevertheless, it can be very time consuming to

This chapter examines the complex relationship between social enterprises and taxation. The focus is not on a specific country, although various examples are mentioned. As specific tax measures for social enterprises are a form of tax incentives, the chapter discusses this public finance concept. In addition, an important legal constraint on introducing such incentives for social enterprises in th

Up to 80% of adolescents have experienced trauma and one‐in‐seven suffer from post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a chronic, debilitating psychiatric disorder. For 50% of these adolescents, the course of their illness is further complicated by a co‐occurring substance use disorder, which often develops from repeated self‐medication of PTSD symptoms. Once established, both disorders serve to mai

Several studies have documented the importance of optimal work situation and the general well-being of early-career researchers (ECRs) for enhancing the academic performance of universities. Yet, most studies focused on specific categories of ECRs, or on specific academic disciplines as well as on specific outcomes. With this study, we recognize the need for a broader sample encompassing different

The number of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies on foods and diets steadily increases. However, due to lack of data on food products as well as time and resource constraints, many of these studies ignore part of the system (e.g. cooking and waste in the household), which may lead to underestimating impacts greatly. This LCA study compared diets using six methods with different system boundaries;

Objective: To examine the relationship between extended high-frequency pure tone hearing thresholds (frequencies 10 to 14 kHz) and working memory capacity (WMC), inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. Design: Experimental study measuring correlations between different high-frequency hearing threshold measures and cognitive measures. Study: Pure tone audiometry was assessed in the extended

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of minimal nutrient-supplemented wheat straw and digestate liquor recycle was evaluated in semi-continuous processes using a novel BioReactor Simulator developed for easy accurate online normalised-gas measurement. Three scenarios (i) no recycle (NR), (ii) recycle of soluble nutrient (RSN), and (iii) recycle of nutrient and microbes (RNM) were investigated in order to eval

Network re-optimization is a process that must be triggered periodically in order to improve the inefficient resource allocation of online routing heuristics due to the uncertainty of online lightpath demand arrivals and departures. Network re-optimization involves two tasks: a) finding new lightpaths for a (sub)set of current demands, i.e. rerouting, and b) migrating the current traffic to the ne

Introduction - Antioxidants are known to avert oxidation processes and they are found in trees and other plant materials. Tree bark is a major waste product from paper pulp industries; hence it is worthwhile to develop an extraction technique to extract the antioxidants. Objective - To develop a fast and environmentally sustainable extraction technique for the extraction of antioxidants from bark

NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is collecting spaceborne full waveform lidar data with a primary science goal of producing accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD). This paper presents the development of the models used to create GEDI's footprint-level (~25 m) AGBD (GEDI04_A) product, including a description of the datasets used and the procedure for fi

When the world committed to end poverty and hunger as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the promise to “leave no one behind” was recognized as both an ethical responsibility and a key criteria for success. How can we make sure that such a promise becomes a reality, and what challenges lie ahead? This chapter aims to address these issues by focusing on parts of the world that, despi

Background: The success of selecting high risk or early-stage Alzheimer’s disease individuals for the delivery of clinical trials depends on the design and the appropriate recruitment of participants. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) show potential for identifying individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our study comprehensively examines AD PRS utility using various methods and models. Method

Umgängesrätten ska bedömas i enlighet med barnets bästa, Föräldrabalken 6 kapitlet 2a §. Man ska då fästa särskilt avseende vid barnets behov av en nära och god kontakt med båda föräldrarna och vid risken att ett barn far illa. Barnets bästa är inte definierat i lagtext för att kunna appliceras i varje unik situation och därför är termen även anpassad till samhällets utveckling. Att barn bevittnar

Det får anses vara allmänt vedertaget att barn är en särskilt utsatt grupp världen över. Vid en bedömning av barns utsatthet är faktorer såsom flyktingskap och sjukdom av relevans. Sjuka flyktingbarn är således alldeles särskilt sårbara. Förståelsen för detta bör genomsyra all lagstiftning som rör barn, där barnets bästa ska sättas i främsta rummet. Denna uppsats har haft till syfte att undersök