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The aim of this study is to examine whether there exists a right of humanitarian intervention in customary international law. The point of departure is the principle of non-use of force in customary international law. The International Court of Justice established in the Nicaragua Case that the principle of non-use of force not only is a jus cogens norm, but that it also has the basic identity of
The Storo greenstone belt in Godthabsfjord, southern West Greenland consists of juxtaposed rock units of different age and origin, and hosts gold mineralisation that is associated with arsenopyrite along a contact between lithological units and along the axial plane of a large fold core. The age and origin of the gold is debatable, but in this paper, we present new arsenopyrite Re-Os and zircon U-
Phylogenies are central to many disciplines in biology. While disciplines such as systematics are focused on phylogenetic hypotheses themselves, other disciplines depend on robust and well-supported phylogenies in order to put biological data into evolutionary context through phylogenetic comparative studies. Examples of such fields are macroevolutionary research e.g. studying the evolution of a f
Purpose: To test the diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue-tracking (TT) to detect the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) or myocarditis (MYO), preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and no visual regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA). Methods: We selected consecutive CMR studi
Background & objectives: Endoscopy is the current gold standard for evaluation of disease activity in ulcerative colitis. The Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES) is commonly used for quantifying disease activity, but it has several weaknesses. Numerous new endoscopic indices have been developed but none of these have been widely implemented, likely due to limited feasibility. The primary objective
Background: The molecular pathways linking short and long sleep duration with incident diabetes mellitus (iDM) and incident coronary heart disease (iCHD) are not known. We aimed to identify circulating protein patterns associated with sleep duration and test their impact on incident cardiometabolic disease. Methods: We assessed sleep duration and measured 78 plasma proteins among 3336 participants
Detta arbete har som sitt främsta syfte att belysa lagregleringen samt avsaknaden av lagreglering gällande beslutanderätt vid gemensam vårdnad. Behandlingen av ämnet inriktar sig på den nuvarande lagstiftningen och därtill föreslagna åtgärder för att förbättra möjligheterna för föräldrar med gemensam vårdnad att bibehålla den gemensamma vårdnaden, trots att det råder meningsskiljaktigheter i en viThe aim of this thesis is to clarify the legal situation regarding Swedish custody law. It also discusses the absence of legal rules in terms of right of decision in joint legal custody. The essay is structured to focus on the current legislation and also to argue proposed measures to improve the opportunities for parents with joint legal custody to maintain the joint legal custody even though the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Faderskap är en familjepolitisk angelägenhet där staten går in och intervenerar och på så sätt fostrar fäder. Tyngdpunkten ligger på att uppmuntra fadersnärvaro och att förmå frånvarande fäder att ta ansvar för sina barn. Detta ger oss en bild av vad som uppfattas som bra fäder och vad som avviker från normen. Den sociala barnavården är en kontext som verkar inom den soThis dissertation deals with fathers of children subjected to child welfare investigations. They are "fathers called into question" and their fatherhood is not very much investigated so far. The dominating picture is that the fathers are absent, to their children as well as in research and social work literature. Two Swedish contexts are presented. These represent different interpretations of "the
In this thesis, I have studied male and female selective mechanisms that can affect plant reproductive success and gene flow. I have focussed on sexually selected traits, mainly pollen competition and maternal sorting mechanisms, for example through non-random ovule abortion. The main question was; what kind of traits can influence the most successful pollen donor or maternal sorting process? I fo
The enhancement of heat transfer attributed from rib turbulators relative to the increased pressure drop in the channel is a crucial design parameter. Thus, the design of the truncated ribs (whose length is less than the passage width) provides options to address such cooling requirements when the pressure loss is a critical factor. Considering different types of truncated ribs, mid-truncated ribs
Background and Purpose The aim of the Synergium was to devise and prioritize new ways of accelerating progress in reducing the risks, effects, and consequences of stroke. Methods Preliminary work was performed by seven working groups of stroke leaders followed by a synergium (a forum for working synergistically together) with approximately 100 additional participants. The resulting draft document
Satellite- and reanalysis-based precipitation products are important data source for precipitation, particularly in areas with a sparse gauge network. Here, five open-access precipitation products, including the newly released China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) reanalysis dataset and four widely used bias-adjusted satellit
Målet med strålbehandling är att leverera en tillräckligt hög stråldos för att skadacellerna i en cancertumör utan att skada omkringliggande friska celler. Olika typerav celler är olika känsliga för strålning vilket man måste ta hänsyn och idaggörs med datoriserad stråldosplanering. Vid dosplanering provas olika antal strålfältmed olika vinklar och intensitet forma stråldosen att täcka tumören utaRadiotherapy is one of the essential treatments used in the fight against cancer. The goal of radiotherapy is to deliver a high dose of ionising radiation to the tumour volume and at the same time minimise the effect on healthy tissue by reducing the radiation to critical organs. This contradiction is challenging and has been driving the research and development of the treatments.Over the last two
Objective: To estimate intra- and interrater agreement and reliability with regard to describing ultrasound images of the endometrium using the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) terminology. Methods: Four expert and four non-expert raters assessed videoclips of transvaginal ultrasound examinations of the endometrium obtained from 99 women with postmenopausal bleeding and sonographic
Purpose: To investigate the change in proportion of high-volume cataract surgeons during the period 2007 to 2016 and determine the impact of operation volume per surgeon and clinical unit on the rate of capsule complications. Design: Retrospective, register-based study. Participants: Patients undergoing and surgeons performing cataract surgery at Swedish ophthalmologic departments 2007–2016. Metho
Background: The first interim analysis of the phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational TITAN study demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) with apalutamide added to ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. The final analysis confirmed improvement i
Oxygen isotopes in biogenic silica (δ18OBSi) from lake sediments allow for quantitative reconstruction of past hydroclimate and proxy-model comparison in terrestrial environments. The signals of individual records have been attributed to different factors, such as air temperature (Tair), atmospheric circulation patterns, hydrological changes, and lake evaporation. While every lake has its own loca
Kvinnliga samkönade par har tillgång till insemination inom svensk sjukvård sedan den 1 juli 2005. Trots det väljer en del par att genomföra behandlingen utanför svensk sjukvård, antingen utomlands eller genom privat insemination. Vid insemination utanför svensk sjukvård med donerad sperma skiljer sig föräldraskapsregleringen för kvinnliga samkönade par från den för olikkönade par. Mannen i ett olFemale same-sex couples have had the right to undergo insemination within Swedish health care since July 1st 2005. Despite this some couples still choose to get the treatment outside Swedish health care, either abroad or through private insemination. With insemination outside Swedish health care with donated sperm the regulation for parenthood for female same-sex couples differs from that of oppos
Education for sustainability (EfS) has been regarded a promising approach for solving sustainability challenges. Results have been unsatisfying due to a knowledge-dissemination focus in the formal sector. Reasons are economic and political interests shaping formal education. Therefore, hopes are placed in the non-formal sector to close this knowledge-to-action gap. In this case study, I aim to und
