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European labour markets are often described as rigid with comparatively high levels of job protection that do not allow for the flexible adjustment of employment to economic fluctuations. This interpretation overlooks important sources of flexibility, however. Research has shown that recent labour market policy reforms have allowed for the creation of two-tier labour markets consisting of insiders

Aims: Falls often result in soft tissue injuries, dislocations, fractures, longstanding pain and reduced quality of life. Therefore, fall preventive programmes have been developed. Methods: In this review, we evaluate programmes that in randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been shown with fall reducing effect. Results: Physical exercise that includes several training modalities, especially bala

ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy (V/P-SCAN) was the procedure of choice for studying patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) until the prospective evaluation of V/P imaging in the study known as PIOPED I revealed high number of non diagnostic findings. This has challenged development of computed tomography (CT) during 1990s. Since beginning of 2000, multidetector CT (MDCT) is widely appl

Transmitted-reference (TR) schemes for time-hopping impulse radio (TH-IR) ultra-wideband (UWB) communications allow the use of simple receiver structures that are able to combine energy from different multipath components without channel estimation. A conventional TR receiver consists of a simple delay-and-multiply operation combined with an integrator. On the downside, it shows a performance loss

An amorphous, colorless, and highly transparent polymer containing boron atoms in its branched chain architecture was synthesised from boron trioxide, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and methoxy end-capped PEG. Electrolytes based on this polymer and different concentrations of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) were prepared and characterised by impedance spectroscopy, calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The

This thesis is focused on methods to improve software inspections. Software inspections is a method used to increase and assure software quality by carefully scrutinizing software artefacts throughout the development. Inspections improve product quality through the detection and removal of faults, i.e. imperfections that could lead to failures. This thesis reports on research to support decisions

Previous studies have reported variation in BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer risks with mutation position, suggesting that mutations toward the 3' end of the gene are associated with lower ovarian cancer risks. We evaluated the evidence for genotype-phenotype correlations in 356 families with protein-truncating BRCA1 mutations. In contrast to previous reports, the ovarian:breast cancer ratio associ

Forestry in Sweden suffers from browsing damage caused by large herbivores, mainly moose (Alces alces) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Silviculture affects the availability of forage for these animals, and thus the browsing pressure. A step towards modeling the response of trees or to predict browsing damage is to gain more knowledge on the availability of food in forest stands. Individual gap

The interaction between recombinant human cystatin C and the cysteine proteinases papain and actinidin was studied by spectroscopic, kinetic and equilibrium methods. The absorption, near-u.v.c.d. and fluorescence-emission difference spectra for the cystatin C-proteinase interactions were all found to be similar to the corresponding spectra for chicken cystatin. The kinetics of binding of cystatin

The role of biomass burning aerosols in the climate system is still poorly quantified, in part due to uncertainties regarding the optical properties of elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC, respectively), the main constituents of pyrogenic aerosols. In this study, we utilize comprehensive physical and chemical field measurements of biomass burning aerosols in Brazil to constrain the densities a

The gastrointestinal mucosa is one of the most rapidly proliferating tissues in the body, and serves as a barrier to luminal bacteria and toxins. Enteral nutrition, luminal fiber and probiotics are of crucial importance for the integrity of this barrier. We examined the potential beneficial effects of lactobacilli and fiber on methotrexate-induced enterocolitis and radiation-induced intestinal inj

Spatial and temporal changes in South African solar UV-B (280-315 nm) exposure were modeled and mapped at 2.5 km2 resolution using ozone, relative humidity, cloud amount and elevation data. Computations indicated large natural gradients in UV-B exposure ranging from a 34.2% change over 14o of latitude to a 44.2% change over 16o of longitude. Modelling of future scenarios in annual UV-B exposure in

Different strategies for reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide from the Swedish transportation sector are evaluated by making scenarios for the year 2015, using a bottom-up approach. Methods for reducing emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and sulphur dioxide are discussed more briefly. The scenarios are based on official forecasts of future passenger and goods transport

A new type of fibre-based anion-exchange material for plasmid purification was developed. The basic material consisted of non-porous silica fibres with a mean diameter of 1.5 mu m and a surface area of 2.4 m(2) g(-1). The fibre surface was provided with several types of ligands, either by adsorption of polymers (chitosan or poly(ethyleneinune)) or by polymerization of amine-containing acrylic mono

In our previous paper [M.A. Borowiak, M.H. Jamroz, R. Larsson, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 139 (1999) 97], an impulse-oscillation model (IOM) was used for a time description of catalytic acts in the reactions of catalytic decomposition of formic acid on oxide catalysts for unimolecular mechanism. In this paper: the bimolecular mechanism were modelled for the same reactions. The results of IOM calcula

This paper addresses variations in the wind climate in relation to changes in the impact of wind erosion on agricultural lands with Scania, the southernmost province of Sweden, as an example. The literature concerning wind erosion in the region is reviewed and the conclusions are linked to recent analyses of the regional wind climate. Presently, wind erosion occasionally induces problems in light