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The articulating surfaces of 6 ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene cups were exposed to curing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone-cement and examined with scanning electron microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Three of the cups were exposed to blood and bone-cement, and the rest were exposed to bone-cement only. After removal of the bone-ceme

The Arctic marine ecosystem contains multiple elements that present alternative states. The most obvious of which is an Arctic Ocean largely covered by an ice sheet in summer versus one largely devoid of such cover. Ecosystems under pressure typically shift between such alternative states in an abrupt, rather than smooth manner, with the level of forcing required for shifting this status termed th

Does the excitation of ultrafast magnetization require direct interaction between the photons of the optical pump pulse and the magnetic layer? Here, we demonstrate unambiguously that this is not the case. For this we have studied the magnetization dynamics of a ferromagnetic cobalt/palladium multilayer capped by an IR-opaque aluminum layer. Upon excitation with an intense femtosecond-short IR las

A model for the contact between a rubber covered roller and a rigid roller was developed using analytical functions. The model, being two-dimensional, connects the line load, geometric properties (roller radii, rubber thickness) and the shear modulus of the rubber to nip properties in the roller contact. The output from the model is the indentation of the rigid roller into the rubber, the nip maxi

Pulsed corona discharge is an efficient method on NO oxidization, and the investigation of the oxidization process is significant both for model validation and industrial application. In-situ visualization of NO and OH in pulsed corona discharge was performed by planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) in this work. Two dimensional NO oxidization and OH consumption were studied under different con

We show that the asymptotic behavior of the partial sums of a sequence of positive numbers determine the local behavior of the Hilbert space of Dirichlet series defined using these as weights. This extends results recently obtained describing the local behavior of Dirichlet series with square summable coefficients in terms of local integrability, boundary behavior, Carleson measures and interpolat

Circumcision has been reported to protect against infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in men, but results have been inconsistent. We followed males in a birth cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972 and 1973 from age 3 to 32 years. Seropositivity at age 32 years for the oncogenic types HPV-16 and 18, and the nononcogenic types 6 and 11, was studied in relation to maternal reports of cir

In North Sámi, certain verbal derivations can be expressed as a change of theme vowel. An investigation of these derivations leads to the conclusion that spanning, i.e. one vocabulary item spelling out two or more terminal nodes, should be included in the toolbox of Distributed Morphology. It follows that com¬petition between vocabulary items is resolved according to the Principle of Maximal Expre

Flexibility is a desired quality of software processes. Process flexibility implies a capability to adapt to new contexts. Another aspect of flexibility is the cost of maintaining process effectiveness as new situations arise. A lack of preparedness for future events may constitute a high risk to a software development organization. This paper presents a method for assessing the flexibility of an