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We have investigated the surface composition of a well-ordered Pt3Sn(111) surface during CO oxidation with ambient pressure X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Oxidation of tin in the surface coincides with the onset of catalytic conversion, and we observe significant differences in the oxidation state and morphology of the oxide formed depending on the gas composition, with an oxygen-rich mixture l

Freight transport in urban areas needs to become more sustainable. There is much potential to reduce emissions by transitioning to electric freight vehicles (EFVs). The context of this study is Sweden, a country with ambitious goals for transitioning to fossil-free road transport that incentivizes the adoption of EFVs through regulations, subsidies and environmental zones. However, it seems that f

The interactions between oppositely charged multi-indented lock- and spherical key-particles are investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations at low volume fractions. The specificity of the interactions is initially investigated in an excess of either lock- or key-particles, and we find ordered clusters with highly directional bonds. This suggests electrostatics alone to be capable of inducing

The study of the production of nuclei and antinuclei in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. In this paper, the production of protons, deuterons and 3He and their charge conjugates at midrapidity is studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at s=5

Segregation är ett föränderligt tillstånd som är komplext och påverkar såväl enskilda individer som samhället i stort. Exempelvis är stadsplaneringen en bakomliggande orsak som kan påverkar segregationen i en stad. För att det verkligen ska kunna ske en förbättring är det emellertid av stor vikt att åtgärder vidtas på olika plan och av olika aktörer. Det ursprungliga syftet bakom arbete är att utSegregation is a changing condition that is complex and affects individuals but also the society. Urban planning is for example an underlying cause that can affect segregation in a city. However, in order for an improvement, it is of great importance that measures are taken at different levels and by different actors. The primary purpose of the report was to study the impact that urban planning h

In this thesis, functions describing relations between chemical concentrations at equilibrium are studied. The functions have some parameters that are desired to be determined. Based on the properties of the functions, an optimization method will be proposed. Because of these special properties, it is appropriate to consider the residuals in the max norm, since then it is possible to show that the

The microbial community in five commercial Pu-erh tea products and one Liu Bao Cha tea were investigated in this study with the aim to search for beneficial live bacteria. Three different treatments were applied for every tea; non-brewed, brewed with and without leaf filtration. The results showed microbial activity in all teas and particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), except in the Liu Bao Cha

Genom det statliga maktmonopolet har svensk polis tilldelats vissa våldsbefogenheter för att kunna upprätthålla allmän ordning och säkerhet samt förebygga och förhindra brott. Polisens rätt att bruka våld regleras delvis i 10 § polislagen och delvis i de allmänna ansvarsfrihetsgrunderna i 24 kap brottsbalken. Senaste åren har frågan om polisens våldsbefogenheter aktualiserats allt mer i takt med eSwedish police have been granted an authority to use force to maintain public order and safety besides preventing and prosecuting crime. The Police use of force is regulated in Article 10 of the Police Act and in the general grounds for exemption in Chapter 24 of the Penal Code. Since police violence has increased the last couple of years’, questions have been raised regarding the right to use for

Consider n vertices arranged in a circle where each vertex is given a fitness from {0,1}. At each discrete time step, one of the vertices with fitness equal to zero (unless there are none of those, then pick a vertex with fitness equal to one) is selected with equal probability. Then this vertex and the two neighbouring vertices are each given a new fitness from a Bernoulli(p) distribution indepen

Vi genomför en fallstudie av finanskrisen genom åren 2007 t.o.m. 2011 för USA, Storbritannien och Tyskland. Vi utgår ifrån den österrikiska konjunkturcykelteorin och undersöker om teorin rimligen kan förklara händelserna i våra tre utvalda länder. Vi genomför en deduktiv studie där vi extrapolerar fem hypoteser från den österrikiska konjunkturteorin för att se hur väl konjunkturförloppet motsvararWe perform a case study of the financial crisis through the years 2007 - 2011 for USA, Great Britain and Germany. The Austrian theory of the business cycle is our framework and we examine if the theory reasonably can explain the events in our three chosen countries. We perform a deductive study where we extrapolate five hypotheses from the Austrian theory of the business cycle to see how well the

This study aims to analyze the effects of competition on quality, efficiency, produced volume and gaming the system of specialized health care in Sweden, after implementation of the Freedom of Choice Act (LOV, Lagen om Vårdval). This is done by using data for specialized ophthalmology, which is a patient-elective diagnostic category. The motive behind the law, which established free entry for priv

This study represents an analysis of the discursive differences in Swedens and New Zealand's construction of policy regarding the Covid-19 pandemic. It systematically applies Carol Bacchi's What's the problem represented to be-framework in order to identify and analyze the differences in the discourses produced by the governments of the respective countries. This analysis yielded a num

Background: The lithotomy position is one of the four most common positions during surgical procedures. This position is very vulnerable for the patient and can lead to several different types of complications. To ensure a safe positioning the preoperative assessment and preparations requires an OR nurse’s specialist competence. The aim: The aim was to examine if OR nurses’ years of experience aff

European State Aid Law is rapidly becoming one of the most important area of law within the European Union. Since the beginning of 1970 the Commission and the Court have had to deal with more and more State Aid cases as it grew in correspondence with its growth. There has not been an extensive work done on State Aid until this Millennium with the works of Kelyn Bacon and Mark Heidenhain right up t