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INTRODUCTION: Hip and knee osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Currently, the course of deterioration in pain and physical functioning in individuals with osteoarthritis is difficult to predict. Factors such as socioeconomic status and comorbidity contribute to progression of osteoarthritis, but clear associations have not been established. There is a need for early identifi

Svenska utlandsarbetande har i dagens samhälle ökat jämfört med för bara några decennier sedan. Under utlandsarbetet behåller många arbetstagare sin skatterättsliga hemvist i Sverige och är därmed som utgångspunkt också skattskyldiga i Sverige för arbetsinkomst som härrör från anställningen. I många fall beskattas arbetsinkomsten också i arbetslandet, vilket kan föranleda att den skattskyldiges an

The aim of this thesis is to explore how contextual factors shape experiences of work-related precariousness in a sparsely populated municipality in northern Sweden. In the thesis, the concept of precariousness is operationalized as relating to three dimensions: income, employment stability and employability, and access to social security. These dimensions are explored qualitatively through semi-s

Galaxies with high redshift (z) are galaxies in the early universe, and they differ from local ones. They often show more irregular morphologies and significantly different kinematic properties, as turbulent motion dominates. These early galaxies have higher gas velocity dispersion (σ) and lower rotation-to-dispersion (vrot/σ) values. Recent findings from both the JWST and the Atacama Large Millim

Syftet med uppsatsen “priset för säkerhet” har varit att undersöka hur remissinstanserna i förfarandet om säkerhetszonerna resonerar kring mänskliga rättigheter i sina remissvar för att få förståelse för vilka intressen de värdesätter. För att uppnå detta har en deskriptiv argumentationsanalys inspirerad av Arne Næss teknik pro et contra dicere genomförts på de remissvar som lämnades in för promemThe purpose of the thesis “The Price for Security” has been to examine how the referral bodies in the legislative process concerning security zones reason about human rights in the responses, in order to gain understanding of which interests they value. To achieve this, a descriptive analysis of arguments has been conducted based on the consultations responses submitted regarding the memorandum wi

The need for accurate and computationally efficient methods for analysing the effects of ground vibrations on a structure is increasing. This is partly due to continued urbanization leading to structures being placed in closer proximity to vibrational sources, as well as increased environmental awareness leading to more lightweight structures, such as timber structures, being built. The purpose of

Auditory Attention Decoding (AAD) aims to determine the focus of a listener’s attention in environments with multiple overlapping speakers, a challenging situation for hearing impaired patients known as the Cocktail Party Problem. This thesis investigates AAD using Whisper, a transformer-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system that performs a graded transformation from speech to text while

In 2009, the Greenlandic population voted for full autonomy from Denmark; however, certain areas such as foreign and defense policy remain under Danish jurisdiction, with Denmark administering specific sectors, including the police force. Consequently, the Greenlandic Police is organized as a district within the Danish Police, resulting in a distinct structure that integrates both Greenlandic and

This paper explores the impact of recent policy reforms on civil society in Sweden, including the new Civil Society Strategy. Historically Sweden's civil society organizations (CSOs) have played a crucial role in enhancing political participation and accountability, strengthening democracy and human rights. However, recent changes have raised concerns about reduced communication, transparency,

För närvarande står byggnadsindustrin för en betydande del av de totala utsläppen av växthusgaser i Sverige. Resurseffektiviteten är låg och de råmaterial som används i dagsläget utnyttjas inte på ett effektivt sätt. Det råder ingen tvekan om att konsumtionen av naturresurser är ett problem, något som kan förbättras genom exempelvis en ökad grad av återanvändning i materialflödet och genom att vidAt present, the construction industry accounts for a significant part of the total greenhouse gas emissions in Sweden. Resource efficiency is low and the raw materials currently used are not utilized in an efficient manner. There is no doubt that the consumption of natural resources is a problem, something that can be improved by, for example, increasing the degree of reuse in the material flow an

Att göra AI smart med små medel – ny metod utmanar gamla träningssätt Under de senaste åren har det blivit allt tydligare att när tillräckligt stora språkmodeller tränas på enorma mängder text, lyckas de extrahera förvånansvärt mycket kunskap. Det leder till en rik representation av världen och en bred uppsättning färdigheter, vilket gör modellerna mycket användbara inom allt från att ge medicinsLarge language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities but remain costly to deploy at scale. Knowledge distillation offers a way to transfer knowledge from large, high-capacity models into smaller, more efficient ones. This thesis investigates two key questions: (1) how specific design choices affect distillation performance, and (2) how distillation can be effectively performed in the

One of the major contributors to the increasing complexity of integrated circuits, is the datapath logic, responsible for data transformations and manipulations. As performance demands increase, the complexity of these datapath logic increases, making the functional verification both tedious and expensive. A single undetected bug in this logic can compromise the system integrity, highlighting th

The aim of this thesis is to explore how methods from survival and event history analysis, namely relative risk regression, can be used to estimate prior probabilities in criminal cases, based on the distance between the potential perpetrator’s residence and the crime scene as well as further characteristics of the potential perpetrator. The locations of potential perpetrators residences can be mo

Capacities for source localization in response to incidents involving radioactive materials are essential for effective, efficient response. In this context, the directional response of a detection system is of importance. Many solutions currently employed for source localization involve approaches that may be onerous with respect to cost, complexity and practicality for field operations. To avoid