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Enzymatic hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been studied with purified endoglucanases Hi Cel5A (EG II), Hi Cel7B (EG I), and Hi Cel45A (EG V) from Humicola insolens, and Tr Cel7B (EG I), Tr Cel12A (EG III), and Tr Cel45Acore (EG V) from Trichoderma reesei. The CMC, with a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.7, was hydrolyzed with a single enzyme until no further hydrolysis was observed.

The thickening effect of a hydrophobically modified polymer in an aqueous solution is dependent on intermolecular hydrophobic associations, and if the polymer concentration is significantly above the overlap concentration also on chain entanglements. In this investigation we have added different cyclodextrins (CD) in order to decouple hydrophobic polymer-polymer associations via inclusion complex

BACKGROUND Autoinflammatory diseases manifest inflammation without evidence of infection, high-titer autoantibodies, or autoreactive T cells. We report a disorder caused by mutations of IL1RN, which encodes the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist, with prominent involvement of skin and bone. METHODS We studied nine children from six families who had neonatal onset of sterile multifocal osteomyelitis

Tobacco smoking is known to influence various inflammatory skin diseases and an association between tobacco smoking and hand eczema has been proposed in some studies. To examine a possible association between reported current tobacco smoking and the occurrence of hand eczema. Previously collected questionnaire data on the occurrence of hand eczema in three occupational cohorts and corresponding co

Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are essential for growth and survival of all cells. When polyamine biosynthesis is inhibited, there is up-regulation of import. The mammalian polyamine transport system is unknown. We have previously shown that the heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of recycling glypican-1 (Gpc-1) can sequester spermine, that intracellular polyamine depletion increas

Background Contact sensitisation has been identified as a factor associated with poor prognosis for patients with hand eczema. Objectives To study implications of contact sensitisation with respect to severity, quality of life (QoL) and subdiagnosis of hand eczema. Methods The study was performed as a multi-centre, cross-sectional study from 10 European clinics. All patients were patch tested, and

In this paper we show that the hydrodynamic problem for three-dimensional water waves with strong surface-tension effects admits a fully localised solitary wave which decays to the undisturbed state of the water in every horizontal direction. The proof is based upon the classical variational principle that a solitary wave of this type is a critical point of the energy, which is given in dimensionl

Increasing evidence suggests that oral microbiota play a pivotal role in chronic diseases, in addition to the well-established role in periodontal disease. Moreover, recent studies suggest that oral bacteria may also be involved in carcinogenesis; periodontal disease has been linked to several cancers. In this study, we examined whether lifestyle factors have an impact on antibody levels to oral b

The literature dealing with abdominal wall surgery is often flawed due to lack of adherence to accepted reporting standards and statistical methodology. The EuraHS Working Group (European Registry of Abdominal Wall Hernias) organised a consensus meeting of surgical experts and researchers with an interest in abdominal wall surgery, including a statistician, the editors of the journal Hernia and sc

A Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) is evaluated in terms of torque quality and speed ripple for a particular pump application. The aim is to give BorgWarner insight into the control methodology and possible applications for a Switched Reluctance Machine. The SRM is also compared to their current BLDC machine, used as an oil pump in their torque transfer applications. The evaluation and implementa

Huvuddelen av alla pianoelever slutar spela inom 3 år på kulturskolan. Varför är frånfallet så stort och vad kan man göra för att förhindra det? Tidigare forskning visar bland annat att popmusik är den genre pianoeleverna helst vill spela och att det är viktigt att eleverna känner att de utvecklas och upplever en känsla av kompetens för att vilja fortsätta spela. Att spela ett instrument kommer oc

Production and patient safety requirements are high in pharmaceutical industries where standards are set accordingly and controlled by e.g. the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is crucial that these standards are met without compromising the fact that production must run as effectively as possible, i.e. achieve Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE), for the pharmaceutical companies to deli

Partikelfysikens standardmodell är en av de mest exakta modellerna inom fysiken. Den beskriver interaktionerna mellan fundamentala partiklar som kvarkar och leptoner, hur Higgspartikeln ger massa till andra partiklar och tre av universums fyra fundamentala krafter: elektromagnetism, svag växelverkan och stark kärnkraft. Tyvärr finns det frågor som inte ens standardmodellen kan svara på. "VarfProbing the physical regions in large parameter spaces of typical Standard Model (SM) extensions can be a very difficult computational task. In this thesis project, a new framework has been developed that utilises well-known Machine Learning (ML) techniques in the form of neural networks trained by a genetic algorithm. This framework is rather generic and designed to explore new physics model para

Smart provtagning krävs för säkrare bostäder Att låta barnen leka på en övergiven industritomt är en dålig idé, för vem vet vad de hittar där. I marken kan det finnas tungmetaller, kemikalier och övergivna cisterner. När städerna förtätas händer det däremot ofta att bostadshus byggs i gamla industriområden. Hur kan vi veta att det inte leder till okända och farliga rester på barnens lekpark? Vi blBy using statistical analysis of measured data more information can be acquired about a contaminated site in comparison to using the measured data alone. This study shows that the choice of model for the distribution of the contamination is vital in getting a reliable estimation of the contaminated area. By simulating exponentially decreasing contaminant distributions around a point source and sub

Detektion av tumörceller i blod med hjälp av bildanalys Cirkulerande tumörceller är celler som har lämnat sin ursprungliga primärtumör och tagit sig till blodet. Dessa celler kan sedan ta sig vidare till andra delar av kroppen där de kan ge upphov till dottertumörer. Cirkulerande tumörceller är mycket viktiga att studera eftersom dottertumörer är den ledande orsaken till dödsfall i cancer. TyväCirculating tumour cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that have entered the circulation of the body breaking free from their primary tumour and that can act as progenitors of metastasis. At the time of writing, a study on a novel method to detect and count CTCs using imaging flow cytometry (IFC) is being conducted at Lund University. In the study, a problem was found where CTCs clustered with normal wh

The aim of this project is to highlight the structural continuity of contemporary mass media, despite the various changes, both technological and in relation to the agents of mass media, that occurred in the last two decades, following the advent of online journalism. The approach that will be pursued is a structural one, not content analysis. To prove the structural continuity, I am relying on sy

Israel utropades formellt som en oberoende stat 1948, en tid när den modernistiska ideologin nådde sin kulmen globalt även fast det haft ett stadigt grepp om stadsplaneringens normer sedan tidigt 1920-tal. Det stora antalet migranter som under kort tid bosatte sig i den nybildade nationen resulterade i ett behov av snabb stadsutveckling. Den stora tillströmningen av människor attraherade dessutom

Uppfinnandet av den integrerade kretsen banade väg för dagens datorer, mobiltelefoner och all annan elektronik som är en självklar del av vår vardag. En integrerad krets består idag av hundramiljontals halvledarkomponenter som sitter ihop med varandra på ett så kallat chip. Komplexiteten och antalet komponenter på chipen fortsätter att öka vilket har förändrat utvecklingsprocessen. Ett chip som ti