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Popular Abstract in English Proteins are molecular machines of the human body which regulate all life sustaining processes such as energy production, communication, transport of essential molecules, defense against microbes, etc. They are built by small molecular units called amino acids, bound together like pearls on a necklace. Each amino acid consists of a common part and a unique side chain. TAnisotropic protein interactions have a strong orientation dependence resulting from an uneven distribution of charged and hydrophobic residues on the protein surface. They play an important role in protein behaviors such as protein association, surface adsorption and phase separation. In this thesis, we have studied the effect of anisotropic interactions on the behavior of various proteins mainly

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste 20 åren har större hänsyn tagits till den enskilde patientens önskningar och behov innan en behandling har påbörjats. Detta har skett parallellt med en snabb teknisk och medicinsk utveckling. Samtidigt som nya behandlingsmetoder tagits fram, har det också blivit angeläget att utvärdera effekten av dessa, vilket även inkluderar hur den enskilde individen

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) require ambitious policies for existing buildings. One important aspect of policy design is to understand the decision making of building owners and investors. Governments can support such decisions with grants, but public funds can only cover part of the investments. Hence, schemes need to be well-design

The Lake Victoria basin (LVB) in East Africa can be considered a climate change hotspot because of its large rural population dependent on rain-fed farming. Drawing on extensive fieldwork (2007-2011) in rural communities along the shores of Lake Victoria in Kenya and Tanzania, I explore adaptive capacities to climate variability and change and discuss how they interrelate in situ. Using multiple m

In a so-called globalized world characterized by the continuous movement of people and pathogens crossing national borders, the Nordic welfare states can, arguably, no longer be studied as isolated entities removed from their broader international and geopolitical context. For example, as was aptly illustrated by the 2009 swine flu outbreak, infectious diseases spread at a pace unmatched by previo

Popular Abstract in SwedishUnder slutet av 1950-talet, ungefär samtidigt med tv:s etablering, innehade Sverige Europarekordet vad gäller antalet biografer. Folk gick på bio som aldrig förr. Biograferna att spela en mycket stor roll för film- och biografkulturens tillgänglighet och spridning. Den här boken handlar om att gå på bio. Genom att gå på bio lärde sig människor att se och uppleva film och

Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that often are present in increased amounts on tumor cells. Since the gangliosides are hydroxy-acids, they can form lactones. The lactones have been suspected to be more immunogenic than the open forms, but are in practise poor immunogens due to their ease of hydrolysis. This thesis describes the synthesis of the hydrolytically stable lact

Performance demands put on combustion engines are ever increasing, e.g. demands on emissions and fuel consumption. The increased demands together with new combustion concepts increase the need for feedback engine and combustion control. Mathematical models are considered important in order to implement high performance feedback control, as well as to perform diagnostic functions in vehicles. Vario

Popular Abstract in Swedish En av de viktigaste frågeställningarna inom molekylär genetik är hur uttrycket av människans ca 30-40 000 gener regleras i tid och rum. En typ av reglering som är väldigt viktig är transkriptionell reglering och denna utövas av proteiner som kallas transkriptionsfaktorer. Dessa binder till specifika områden i DNA strängarna i närheten av genkodande regioner och kan däri

Intermolecular interactions are responsible for the deviations of gases from ideality, determine the three- dimensional structure and folding dynamics of biological molecules, and the binding of molecules to surfaces as in heterogeneous catalysis. The hydrogen bond is the most important intermolecular interaction. The most simple intermolecular interaction free from solvent and lattice effects ari

Popular Abstract in English Prostate cancer is one of the most common causes of death for men. This disease can be detected at different stages and if it is detected at an initial stage there are many therapies to choose from. However, if it is detected at an advanced stage the options are reduced and most of the treatments are aggressive in an effort to extend the patient’s life. The most common In search for remedies and treatments, science has recurred to Mother Nature. This is where galiellalactone was found, a fungal metabolite isolated from Galiella rufa in 1990. Since then chemists and biologists have been studying its properties and found it to be a potential candidate against castration-resistance prostate cancer (CRPC). The development of a new drug requires many studies of the c

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vi kommer dagligen i kontakt med läkemedel i olika former, antingen som den kräm som vi smörjer in vårt onda knä eller Treon somliga tar på söndagsmorgon. Många av dessa produkter kan se enkla ut men är ofta resultatet av mycket forskning och för att förstå hur arbetet som utgör den här avhandlingen är kopplat till en Treo, så tänkte jag att vi ska börja med att förklar

Popular Abstract in Swedish Värmebehandling av livmoderslemhinnan med ballongkateter - en ny metod att behandla rikliga mensblödningar. Mera än 11% av svenska kvinnor besväras av rikliga menstruationer (menorrhagi). När läkemedelsbehandling mot menorrhagi inte hjälper kan livmodern opereras bort. Varje år, i Sverige, opereras livmodern bort hos 4-5000 kvinnor på grund av rikliga mensblödningar. DThermal endometrial destruction by means of a silicone balloon catheter is a new form of treatment for menorrhagia aimed at reducing menstrual blood loss. The purpose of the present work was to study, experimentally, the thermal effects on and the thermal conductivity of uterine tissue, to obtain a basis for the estimation of optimal treatment conditions by means of numerical analyses using a comp

Fashion's universal nature does not preclude strong variations in its significance from society to society. As a stratification variable, fashion's importance increases in step with economic growth. Simmel sees the ‘need for distinction’ and the ‘need for union’ as preconditions for fashion, with certain societies lacking the necessary motivation. Variations in fashion's importance have also been

Popular Abstract in Swedish Att fortsätta leva på mitt sätt. Medelålders kvinnor och menopaus/klimakteriet. Varje år passerar cirka 65 000 svenska kvinnor sin menopaus. Menopaus är en medicinsk term och avser tidpunkten för en kvinnas sista menstruation. Tidpunkten för menopaus kan därför i regel endast avgöras i efterhand, vanligtvis först efter ett års uppehåll av de naturliga menstruationerna

Popular Abstract in Swedish 75% av alla kemiska reaktioner sker på en yta av något slag. En av anledningarna till detta är att många ytor har en katalytisk effekt. Inom kemins värld är en katalysator något som påskyndar en kemisk reaktion utan att själv förbrukas, och ett tydligt exempel på en katalytiskt aktiv yta är en bilkatalysator, vilken i princip består av en varm metallyta. På denna yta omThis work deals with interpretation of experimental surface spectroscopic data with the aid of first-principle calculations. Surface infrared reflection-absorption spectra as well as spectra from the electron spectroscopic methods photoemission and X-ray absorption are considered. In all cases the surface is modeled by a metal cluster with the same (frozen) geometry as part of the surface. The wo

When applied to condensed-matter samples of large organic molecules, optical spectroscopy faces the problem of inhomogeneous broadening caused by the diversity of environments and conformations that sample molecules are subjected to. This severely limits the information that can be extracted from optical spectra. Single-molecule spectroscopy offers the most natural way to overcome this problem. Π-

Popular Abstract in Swedish Immunförsvaret, som även kan benämnas immunsystemet, kan betraktas som ett organ som är utspritt i hela kroppen istället för samlat på ett ställe. Immunsystemet består av ett stort antal vita blodkroppar som finns i blodet, ute i vävnaderna, samt samlade i lymfkörtlar och mjälten. Immunsystemets uppgift är att försvara oss från yttre faror som virus och bakterier samt a

We need to understand the major signalling events in human B cell differentiation in order to be able to regulate the generation of human antigen specific antibodies. This study has focused on the signalling mechanisms involved in generation of germinal centre reaction and secretion of specific antibodies by human B cells, using different in vitro immunisation technologies. Naive human B cells tha