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Upphandlingsrätten beskrivs ofta som hälften civilrätt och hälften offentlig rätt. Trots detta har upphandlingsrätten traditionellt betraktats som en förfarandereglering, vilken inte ansetts ha någon påverkan på den nationella avtalsrätten. Avtalsrätten har som en följd av detta beskrivits som en helig ko, utanför upphandlingsrättens räckvidd. I och med reglering av avslutande av avtal i direktiv Public procurement law is often described as part civil law and part public law. The public procurement regulation has despite this traditionally been viewed as primarily regulating the procedure of public procurement, and thus without any influence on national contract law. The contract law has thereby been described as a sacred cow, outside the reach of public procurement regulation. Following t

En grundläggande aktiebolagsrättslig princip är att aktieägarna saknar personligt betalningsansvar för bolagets förpliktelser. Från denna grundprincip finns dock många undantag. Exempelvis finns i 25 kap. aktiebolagslagen (2011:1244), ABL, regler om tvångslikvidation vid kritisk kapitalbrist. Efterföljs inte den i lagen uppställda handlingsordningen riskerar bolagets företrädare personligt betalniA fundamental principle within company law is that the shareholders are not personally responsible for debts attributable to the limited liability company. However, there are multiple exceptions to this principle. For example, chapter 25 of the Companies Act (2005:551) contains rules on compulsory liquidation if the company experiences critical shortage of equity capital. If the rules of conduct i

President Bush förklarade krig mot terrorn efter att USA blivit utsatta för de värsta terroristattackerna hittills i historien. I den inledande konflikten var al-Qaida och talibanregimen i Afghanistan motståndarna. Flertalet misstänkta terrorister tillfångatogs och transporterades till fånglägret Guantanamo där de hölls utan de rättigheter som de borde ha fått åtnjuta under Genèvekonventionerna so

Cirrus clouds are high-level ice clouds covering ≈ 30% of Earth’s surface. The cirrus clouds ice crystals can be formed by heterogeneous or homogeneous nucleation, where temperatures for heterogeneous nucleation was set to -38 - -30 °C and for homogeneous nucleation below -42 °C. The study will focus on microphysical properties of cirrus clouds in the tropics, 0-30°, and the mid-latitudes, 30-60°,

This thesis investigates the out-migration patterns of women from major municipalities in Denmark from 2013 to 2023, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It addresses three key topics: 1) changes in out-migration patterns during the pandemic and the subsequent two years, 2) differences in these patterns among the four large municipalities, and 3) the effects of the pandemic on remote w

Sammanfattning Titel: Kommunikation om arbetsmiljö- och säkerhetsfrågor på en byggarbetsplats Författare: Omar Khorsheed Dhannoon, Amar Ljajic Handledare: Radhlinah Aulin Examinator: Carlos Martinez Syfte & mål: Arbetets syfte är att klargöra hur kommunikationen om arbetsmiljö- och säkerhetsfrågor på en byggarbetsplats ser ut i dagsläget. Arbetet utreder organisationen och processen för kommAbstract Title: Communication about work environment and safety issues at a construction site Authors: Omar Khorsheed Dhannoon, Amar Ljajic Supervisor: Radhlinah Aulin Examiner: Carlos Martinez Aim & goal: The purpose of this study is to clarify how the communication on work environment and safety issues at a construction site looks like at present. The study investigates the organizational

A lot of time and care have been put into exploring and explaining the power relations between nurses and nursing assistants, the emotional investment appropriate in care work, different views on leisure time for staff in this context (Warming, 2019; Habel, 2021; Jervis, 2002; Crocker, 2019). Less work has been done in exploring the complex relationships care workers have with their patients and h

While the popularity of cryptocurrencies has seen a dramatic uptick as of late, the general phenomenon still carries with it a high level of novelty. The inception of cryptocurrencies began with Bitcoin in late 2008, making its first appearance on a cryptographic community forum, posted by a yet to be identified entity carrying the pseudonym Satoshi Nakomoto. The phenomenon has since grown tremend

Global climate projections forecast more frequent, intense and longer heat waves in the decades ahead. Heat waves are considered the most dangerous extreme weather event for human health, with impacts most pronounced in cities because of the urban heat island effect. Heat-related mortality rates are highest in certain at-risk populations, like the elderly. Toronto, Canada’s largest city, faces two

This master thesis work was performed in collaboration with BioGaia AB, a Swedish biotech- company producing probiotic supplements containing the bacteria Limosilactobacillus reuteri. The products provided by BioGaia contain live microorganisms. Therefore, a method suitable for the correct enumeration of living cells is crucial in probiotic samples and today the so-called plate count method is use

What level of influence should market actors be allowed to exert over consumers’ transactional decisions? While persuasive marketing is inherent to free markets and therefore uncontroversial, relatively recent research in the field of behavioural economics about systemic errors in human decision-making has shown just how susceptible consumers are to the will of market actors. Within a rapidly evol

One of the leading causes of biodiversity loss and species communities’ alteration is land-use change for agricultural purposes. Land-use may affect pollinators directly or indirectly via the plant communities. A better understanding of plant community and pollinators interactions can be important to comprehend the potential for management to support pollinating insects in different habitats. This

I demokratiska länder anses yttrandefriheten vara ett av de viktigaste verkty-gen för att garantera och säkerställa ett demokratiskt styrelseskick, och i Sve-rige finns en tradition av en långtgående yttrandefrihet. Yttrandefriheten ham-nar dock ofta i konflikt med andra skyddsvärda intressen. Med de senaste årets offentliga koranbränningar har en sådan konflikt fått mycket uppmärk-samhet, nämligeIn democratic countries, freedom of speech is considered an indispensable tool to guarantee and ensure democratic governance, and in Sweden, that free-dom is particularly far reaching. However, this freedom often conflicts with other interests worthy of protection. With the past years’ burning of Qurans, such a conflict has come to the surface, in which freedom of speech stands against the crime o

I uppsatsen utreds innebörden och tillämpningsområdena av begreppen vårdskada enligt patientsäkerhetslagen (2010:659) (PSL) och patientskada enligt patientskadelagen (1996:799) (PSkL). Syftet är att belysa problematiken och eventuella konsekvenser av skillnaderna mellan begreppen samt att utreda hur systemen bättre kan samordnas. En vårdskada är en fysisk eller psykisk skada som hade kunnat undvikThe purpose of the essay is to investigate the meaning of and differences between a healthcare injury according to the Patient Security Act (2010:659) (PSL) and a patient injury according to the Patient Injury Act (1996:799) (PSkL). The essay pertains to illustrate the problems and possible consequences of the differences as well as to review how the systems could be better coordinated. A healthca

An important function for the human body is the ability to maintain balance. This has been compared to a sixth sense whose function we would have difficulties to be without. The system of balance is a complex system which uses several different sensors to get a satisfactory image of the position and motion of the body. One of the sensors is vision. Our assignment has been to make an equipment for

Phonological intervention is often aimed at resolving problems with the specific speech sounds and phonological processes that cause difficulties for the child. But part from working with these specific targets, the speech and language pathologist (SLP) can also use conscious communicative strategies, e.g. encouraging the child’s own communicative initiatives, to strengthen the child as a communic

The deployment of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in the Swedish building industry has begun. A BIM-model, briefly explained, is an object orientated 3D model that contains the available information about a building. Currently it’s mostly used for enabling a more effective collision control, quantity takeoff and production of shop and construction drawings. Thanks to its 3D nature it is easier