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Datorsimuleringar blir ett allt viktigare verktyg för att förstå, utveckla och effektivisera alla sorters processer och produkter i vårt samhälle. Det är ofta svårt att exakt efterlikna verkligheten, och för att göra simuleringarna möjliga används ofta modeller som förenklar verkligheten.In this master thesis computational fluid dynamic simulations of two plate heat exchanger channels have been performed in Ansys CFX. The full geometry of the channels has not been included, the channels were modeled with a flat geometry instead of a corrugated pattern. To account for the effect of the corrugation on the pressure drop, one-time pressure losses and momentum sources were added in the

In jawed vertebrates, the initiation of an adaptive immune response against a novel pathogen relies on antigen presentation, the process whereby the organism’s cells present pathogen-derived peptides to T cells, which recognise the foreign material and elicit subsequent action. The cell surface proteins responsible for antigen presentation are encoded within a region of the genome known as the maj

Earthquakes occur around the globe all the time. Most are weak enough to just pass by, some are strong enough to be felt by us humans, and some very few are completely devastating. A comprehensive database distributed by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information provides a means for reviewing devastating earthquakes over the past. Extreme value theory has previously been applied to model

Tetra Pak is a large scale organization that provides its customers with a food packaging solution based on laminated carton board in various package formats. The packaging material is produced in more than 50 converting factories represented world wide. The production develops the material in roll form that are loadable in the filling machines. Each roll arrives to the filling site with a barcode

An innovative coaxial dual-swirl combustor was developed to address the challenges of combustion instability and NOx emissions inherent to ammonia combustion. The combustor employs an inner swirler supplying a premixed ammonia/air stream and an outer swirler generating a premixed methane/air flame that stabilizes the inner ammonia flame. Combined large-eddy simulations (LES) and planar laser-induc

Popular Abstract in Swedish Experimentella data från kollisioner mellan guldjoner vid hög energi har analyserat inom ramen för experimentet PHENIX, som finns vid en av kollisionspunkterna vid ''the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider'' på ''Brookhaven National Laboratory'', New York (USA). Kollisioner med tunga joner, så som guld, används i försök till att återskapa de förhållanden som fanns i univerThe properties of the basic building blocks of nuclear matter, the quarks, and their interactions are not known in detail, largely because observations are complicated by the confinement of quarks in composite particles. New insights can be gained from the study of nuclear matter in a deconfined phase, like the form of matter that the Universe consited of early in its evolution according to the Bi

Background: Fish contains methylmercury (MeHg) which can cause oxidative stress and neurodevelopmental toxicity at sufficiently high doses. Fish also contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which have both antioxidant (n-3) and oxidant (n-6) properties. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is sensitive to oxidative stress but has not been previously studied in relation to MeHg exposure or PUFA status. Ob

It is not known how ghrelin affects insulin secretion in human islets from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or whether islet ghrelin expression or circulating ghrelin levels are altered in T2D. Here we sought out to identify the effect of ghrelin on insulin secretion in human islets and the impact of T2D on circulating ghrelin levels and on islet ghrelin cells. The effect of ghrelin on insulin

Oligodendrocyte (OL) death may contribute to white matter pathology, a common cause of network dysfunction and persistent cognitive problems in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) persist throughout the adult CNS and may replace dead OLs. OL death and OPCs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry of human brain tissue samples, surgically removed due to

The risk for type 1 diabetes is strongly associated with HLA-DQ and the appearance of beta cell autoantibodies against either insulin, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2), or zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8). Prolonged exposure to autoantibodies may be related to T cell exhaustion known to occur in chronic infections or autoimmune disorders. It was hypothesized that au

Somatic mosaicism, the presence of genetically distinct cells within an organism, has been increasingly associated with human morbidity, ranging from being a cause of rare syndromes to a risk factor for common disorders such as malignancy and cardiovascular disease. Previous studies interrogating the normal prevalence of somatic mosaicism have focused on adults. We here present an estimate of the