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We have studied the conversion of two molecules of carbon monoxide to ethylene catalyzed by nitrogenase. We start from a recent crystal structure showing the binding of two carbon monoxide molecules to nitrogenase and employ the combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics approach. Our results indicate that the reaction is possible only if S2B dissociates as H2S (i.e., the charge of the FeM
Inhibition of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is under increasing investigation for its therapeutic potential in many diseases. Existing AMPK inhibitors are however limited, with poor selectivity and substantial off-target effects. Here, we provide mechanistic insights and describe the cellular selectivity of the recently identified AMPK inhibitor BAY-3827. A 2.5-Å
This paper sets out to discuss the relevance of the concept of the ”social help state” (socialhjälpstaten) within the framework of Swedish historiography by focusing on the organization of poor relief in Gothenburg between 1890 and 1920. Coined by Norwegian historian Anne Lise Seip in 1984, the term socialhjälpstaten has been used extensively in the study of early welfare institutions and provisio
Research on birds suggests that extreme weather events during development may have long-lasting consequences on form and function. The underlying cellular mechanisms mediating such phenotypic effects are poorly studied. We raised Japanese quail in warm (30°C) or cold (10°C) temperatures from hatching until adulthood and then measured mitochondrial metabolism in intact blood cells at representative
In ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the LHC, each nucleus acts a sources of high-energy real photons that can scatter off the opposing nucleus in ultraperipheral photonuclear ((Formula presented)) collisions. Hard scattering processes initiated by the photons in such collisions provide a novel method for probing nuclear parton distributions in a kinematic region not easily accessible to o
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Geologi är en ung gren av naturvetenskap. Det var inte förrän på 1800-talet som geologins ädla konst började diskuteras och detta trots att moral och religiös etik dikterade annat. Inte kunde väl jorden vara mer än 4000 år och borde inte Gud ha nämnt de där dinosaurierna i bibeln? Inte förrän mitten på 1900-talet började man till slut gräva fram ett och annat koThe mid-Atlantic ridge connects with land at the Reykjanes peninsula, Southwest Iceland. Iceland extends well over the whole ridge and allows for representative surface observations of sea-floor processes. Across the Peninsula the plate boundary is characterized by a rift zone, which encompasses leaky transform fault zone characteristics. Across a fissure swarm, connected with the Reykjanes volcan
I Sverige finns det en nödvärnsrätt som ger en person rätt till ansvarsfrihet när denna försvarat sig mot ett brottsligt angrepp på sin person. Denna rätt har dock kritiserats för att vara utformad att fungera bättre i typiskt sett manliga våldssituationer, d.v.s. då en man attackeras av en annan för honom okänd man. Situationer då den fungerar sämre har ansetts vara då kvinnor använt dödligt våldSwedish law contains a right to self-defense which means that a person should not always be held criminal responsible if it uses violence to defend his- or herself against a violent attack from another person. The right to self-defense has however been criticized for being designed to work better in violent situations that are typical for men, i.e. when a man is attacked by another man that is unk
Under 1900-talets första kvartal arbetade lagstiftaren med att införa nya och revidera gamla lagar på familjerättens område. Många av lagarna hade sett mycket lite förändring sedan deras införande i och med 1734 års lag. År 1915 förändrade man begreppet trolovning och dess innebörd blev mycket mer vidsträckt än vad det tidigare hade varit. Det blev nu ett helt formlöst avtal som ansågs ingånget såDuring the first quarter of the 20th century, the legislator worked to introduce new laws and revise old ones concerning family law, many of which had seen very little change since their introduction in the law of 1734. In 1915, the concept of betrothal changed and its meaning became much more extensive than it used to be. It was now a completely formless agreement that was concluded as soon as th
Lipases are the main fat digestive enzymes present in the digestive system of many animals, microorganisms and plants. Probiotic microorganisms that can possibly produce enzymes are of crucial importance since it can have an effect on human health. Two of the main probiotic strains are Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Biffidobacterium longum, in each there was a putative lipase encoded on the DNA and t
Yogurt is an ancient food, used for a better preservation of milk. Milk gets fermented by Streptococcus thermophilicus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (lactic acid bacteria, LAB) which converts the lactose present in the milk to lactic acid. These probiotics support the microbial population balance of the gastrointestinal tract. Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, is an important security crop in developi
This thesis explores the potential of robotic assembly in constructing formwork-free vaults, aiming to modernize traditional vaulting techniques using robotic automation. The motivation behind it is to enhance buildability, sustainability, and efficiency in construction practices. Key hypotheses focus on the viability of using robotic systems to replicate and improve upon historical vaulting metho
The demand for plastics is growing due to global population, economic growth and insufficient recycling, where new bio-based feedstocks must be investigated to meet future emission goals. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a promising platform chemical that can produce Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) with similar characteristics to fossil-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The HMF can be produced
Stad och landsbygd beskrivs ofta som raka motsatser och i den framställda dikotomin mellan stad och land skildras ofta större tätorter som vinnare mot en avfolkad landsbygd. Tätorter och landsbygder runt om i landet har olika geografiska, demografiska och sociala förutsättningar. Det går därför inte att säga att det sker en positiv utveckling för alla tätorter eller en negativ utveckling för hela Urban and rural are often seen as each other’s complete opposites, were larger urban settlements are often presented as the winners against depopulating rural areas. While this is not always true, there is in many places an ongoing deterioration of public transport in areas with lower population density where resources are allocated to urban areas with a larger demand. This and other climate measu
As a primary driver of climate change, energy systems are often affected by the type of “self-perpetuation and lock-in” that characterize so-called ‘wicked problems’. Although it has a relatively clean energy system, Canada still has provinces (e.g. Alberta, Saskatchewan) that possess carbon-intensive power grids, and provinces that have experienced minimal renewable energy development other tha
In this thesis, the objective was to design a base station for a startup company as a compliment to their main product, a control center device. The thesis resulted in a prototype that worked as intended and it fulfilled all desired criteria; charging ability, mountable on walls and placeable on flat horizontal surfaces. The prototype is divided into two parts: One unit, the station, and one unit
Självskadebeteende är ett fenomen som uppmärksammats alltmer under senare år. Trots att det skett en markant ökning av studier inom området finns det dock fortfarande mycket kvar att förklara. Studiens syfte var att undersöka självuppfattning och kroppsuppfattning hos personer med självskadebeteende. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fyra personer som hade ett aktuellt självskadebeteendSelf-injury has received increasing attention over the last years. Although there has been a marked increase of studies in the field, there is still much to explain. The aim of this study was to investigate self-concept and body image in people with self-injury. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four individuals who had a current self-injurious behaviour. The study was based on an exp
I Sörmlands sydöstra kustlandskap, på Tunabergshalvön, ligger den lilla bruksorten Buskhyttan. Orten har goda geografiska förutsättningar att utvecklas som en aktiv landsbygdsort, där man kan leva ett liv närmare naturen men ändå ha nära till arbete och stad. Den uppkom i och med etableringen av ett sågverk år 1917, men sedan slutet av 1970-talet har verksamheten varit nedlagd och sågområdet lämnaIn the southeastern coastal landscape of Södermanland, on the Tunaberg Peninsula, lies a small mill town called Buskhyttan. It is strategically placed within its community and has the potential of being a well connected and active rural area where you can live a life closer to nature. The town emerged with the establishment of Marsvikens sawmill in 1917, but since the end of the 1970s the industry
Abstract Perforations are one of Tetra Paks oldest inventions of how to open their carton packages. They have been a part of Tetra Briks product portfolio for over 30 years and quality testing is important. Bad openability, with plastic residues covering the torn hole, is a problem that needs to be addressed. When tearing a package with perforation all people do it differently. By using a mechan
Efficient inventory management is crucial for successful supply chain management with it attributing up to 30% of an organization’s supply chain costs. A key strategic decision in inventory management remains whether to centralize or decentralize inventory with both decisions having their advantages and disadvantages. Most studies highlight the importance of an organizations supply chain network i
