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A biocatalysis based method for the solvent-free production of N-alkanoyl-N-methylglucamide (MEGA) surfactants was developed and used as a case study for the evaluation of different environmental assessment tools, such as the freeware package EATOS (Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Synthesis). In order to also consider energy usage and process facilities, e. g. heating, stirring and vacuu
The Swedish National Clinical Final Examination (NCFE) was established in 2007 in order to examine nursing students' clinical competence upon completing their Bachelor's degree in nursing. The NCFE constitutes an innovative method of examination, divided into two parts: a written and bedside test. The aim of this study was to evaluate nursing students' experiences of being assessed by means of the
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Naturbetesmarkerna minskade med 86,7% från 1927 till 1990. Denna minskning är alarmerande eftersom många idag hotade och sällsynta arter är beroende av dessa. En stor del av anledningen till detta är att staten ända in på 1980-talet i sin rådgivning danade för att dessa marker antingen skulle bearbetas med konstgödsel och ogräsbekämpning eller planteras med träd
In 2003 France introduced an ecologic protection zone off its Mediterranean coast. In that zone France has jurisdiction regarding environmental protection. This thesis will examine whether the zone is in conformity with existing international law and whether it was a necessary measure despite all the existing environmental protection in the Mediterranean Sea area. The thesis is structured as a com
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the major protein constituent of high-density lipoprotein particles, and as such is involved in cholesterol transport and activation of LCAT (the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase). It may also form amyloidal deposits in the body, showing the multifaceted interactions of ApoA-I. In order to facilitate the study of ApoA-I in various systems, we have developed a pro
In mobile communications the demand for increased capacity and speeds is a constant. 5G NR is the latest generation which is now seeing widespread adoption. Crucial technologies like Massive MIMO and beamforming are enabled by the use of large antenna arrays. While these arrays allow a 5G network to handle larger amounts of data at higher speeds they do have drawbacks. Specifically, the power requ
In this paper a multimodal optical-resolution photoacoustic and fluorescence microscope in frequency domain is presented. Photoacoustic waves and modulated fluorescence are generated in chromophores by using a modulated diode laser. The photoacoustic waves, recorded with a hydrophone, and the fluorescence signals, acquired with an avalanche photodiode, are simultaneously measured using a lock-in t
AbstractDe senaste årtiondena så har shoppingens geografiska manifestationer förändrats i grunden. Den förmodade ”döden” som har förutspåtts för shopping i stadskärnor har blivit alltmer angeläget. Vetenskapliga studier har undersökt de sociala, kulturella och ekonomiska orsakerna till shoppingens decentralisering och dess effekter på stadslivet. Få studier har dock hittills fokuserat på den föränDuring recent decades, shopping’s geographical manifestations have altered radically and the presumed ‘death’ of town centre retailing has become a public concern. The social, cultural, and economic backgrounds of this decentralisation of retail and its effects on city life have been studied comprehensively. However, to date, few studies have examined the changing dynamics of non-mainstream shoppi
Reglerna om beskattning av fåmansföretag introducerades i samband med skattereformen 1990/91. Sverige fick då en dual skattemodell, och för att inte ägarna till aktiebolag skulle få orimliga skatteförmåner bestämdes att dessa skulle omfattas av vissa särskilda bestämmelser. Uppsatsen syftar till att redogöra för neutralitetsprincipens inverkan på dessa regler om fåmansföretag, dels ur ett historisThe special regulation on close companies was introduced in connection with the tax reform of 1990/91. Sweden received a dual model for taxation, and in order to not give the owners of close companies unreasonably beneficial tax privileges, there had to be certain rules considering these companies. This paper aims to portray the principle of neutrality’s effect on said rules, not only on today’s r
Denna rapport är en utvärdering av brandskyddet med avseende på personsäkerheten i Lunds domkyrka. Lunds domkyrka uppfördes på 1100-talet och ligger i centrala Lund. I kyrkan hålls en mängd olika evenemang, vid stora evenemangen kan uppemot 950 personer vistas i kyrkan. Ett virtuellt platsbesök hölls med domkyrkokamrerare Mats Persson och Elisabet Nord som är ansvarig för vaktmästeriet den 25 marThe following report is an evaluation of human safety in Lund Cathedral with regards to a potential fire and evacuation. With the help of a virtual visit to the cathedral, pictures and statistics from The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB), a general risk assessment was conducted in which possible fire- and evacuation scenarios were identified. A qualitative assessment of the probability and
This study investigates ideas about masculinity in criminal gangs, and how these ideas affect disengagement from gangs. A major problem with criminal gangs is that since they are outside society’s laws and norms, it is difficult for the judiciary to counter them with law enforcement. It is not possible to change gang member’s behaviors solely with laws, which leaves the legal system with a blind s
Purpose: The purpose is to explore the phenomenon of utilizing corporate museums in internal branding, in order to understand what they are, how they are used and why in the context of strategic brand management in general and brands with a heritage in particular. Methodology: A qualitative multiple case study with a constructionist and inductive approach has been executed. The case companies rep
Kina har de senaste åren uppfört artificiella öar i ett område i det Sydkinesiska havet där flera stater hävdar suveräna anspråk. Öarna har utrustats med bland annat landningsbanor, stridsplanshangarer, kommunikationsanläggningar, hangarer för krigsskepp, vissa fasta vapen och annan militär utrustning. Den fråga som ska utredas genom uppsatsen är huruvida Kinas militariserande utgör ett hot om vål
Denna uppsats handlar om patentboxen om hur den utformats mot bakgrund av den kritik den fått, vilket resulterat i en ny modifierad metod, den s.k. Nexus approach. Sverige har inte tidigare anammat detta system och fått kritik för detta eftersom vissa anser att Sveriges konkurrenskraft gentemot Europa kan komma att minska. Man menar vidare att Sverige borde tillämpa denna metod nu när reglerna harThis essay concerns the patentbox, how it was formed, and how the new design thanks to the criticism it had created a new modified method, the s.c. Nexus approach. Sweden has not previously embraced this system and has been criticized for this as som believe that Swede´s competitiveness against Europe may decline. Due to the fact that the rules have become stricter, it has been suggested that Sw
By answering the questions (1) What are the underlying reasons for choosing to migrate irregularly rather than regularly, and what are the implications of this choice? and (2) How and under what structural conditions are Cambodian migrants and their households using remittances? this study seeks to understand labour migration and development interactions in Cambodia, by examining why migration and
Efter andra världskriget dömdes de högsta nazisterna till dödsstraff och fängelse för de internationella brott som de begått under krigsåren. Detta mötte dock kritik. Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka delen av kritiken avseende att Nürnbergprocessen inte varit förenlig med legalitetsprincipen som är en viktig princip för rättssäkerheten. Frågeställningarna har varit hur tribunalen och segAfter World War II, the highest Nazis were convicted of the death penalty and imprisonment for the international crimes committed during the war. However, this met criticism. The purpose of this essay has been to examine the part of the criticism about the Nuremberg process not being compatible with the principle of legality, which is an important principle of legal certainty. The questions to aid
Interpretations of the term Corporate Social Responsibility are many, but academics have achieved approximate consensus about what it consists of. An issue that started off as an interest- and motive-based activity for businesses is becoming more commonplace and has increased in importance over time. Governments have a role to play in ensuring that corporations behave according to the rules and no
In the transforming world of peace building, the framework that formulates how peace best could be achieved is shaped by various theories and discourses. During the recent years, the discourse of local ownership has gained ground and peace theories supporting increased local participation and ownership has become more widely acknowledged. The World Development Report, published annually by the Wor
Currently the production cost of lignocellulosic ethanol is considered to be relatively high. Large fractions of the production cost come from the raw material and the energy consumed in the distillation. Therefore it is desirable to have a process that yields high concentration of ethanol and maximizes the utilization of the biomass. Wheat straw is a promising raw material for lignocellulosic eth
