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To update the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) risk model. A dedicated website collected prospective risk and outcome data on 22 381 consecutive patients undergoing major cardiac surgery in 154 hospitals in 43 countries over a 12-week period (May-July 2010). Completeness and accuracy were validated during data collection using mandatory field entry, error and range
In ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), thrombus material is often present in partial or total coronary occlusion of the coronary vessel. However, prior to the thrombus aspiration during ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Scandinavia (TASTE) trial, it remained unclear whether routine thrombus aspiration during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment of STEMI would resu
Background: Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection causes increased morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to answer the following questions: Does the prevalence of chronic infection with PA differ between the CF centres in Scandinavia? Which differences exist concerning segregation and treatment of PA? Methods: 989 patients (86%) from all eight CF-centres in Scan
Inferential models have long been used to determine pollutant dry deposition to ecosystems from measurements of air concentrations and as part of national and regional atmospheric chemistry and transport models, and yet models still suffer very large uncertainties. An inferential network of 55 sites throughout Europe for atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N-r) was established in 2007, providing ambien
Down-core sediment pigment concentrations from four Northern European estuaries were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate phytoplankton community structure and preservation conditions over the last ca. 100 years where all sites have experienced different levels of eutrophication. Phytoplankton pigments have been shown to be useful biomarkers for phytoplankton
Den 1 juli 2018 fick Sverige en ny våldtäktslagstiftning. Den nya lagstiftningen innebar att rekvisitet som skiljer olagligt och lagligt sexuellt umgänge förändrades. I tidigare våldtäktslagstiftning har tvång varit en förutsättning för att en våldtäkt skulle anses förövad. Med den nya regleringen står nu frivillighet i centrum för denna bedömning. Lagändringen föregicks av mycket debatt. Det diskOn the 1st of July 2018 Sweden changed the law on sexual assault. The new law meant that the prerequisite that separate sexual assault and legal sexual intercourse was changed. In previous legislation coercion was needed for a perpetrator to be convicted of sexual assault. The new law instead places voluntariness at the center of the court’s assessment. The amendment was preceded by much debate. T
Den 1 april 2019 kommer en ny djurskyddslag träda i kraft. En av de stora och viktiga ändringar för djurskyddet är att ett kunskapskrav ska införas i lagen. Ambitionen var att även ett utbildningskrav skulle införas i lagen men det visade sig vara oproportionerligt och alldeles för betungande för de enskilda. Ett problem som brukar förekomma vid ikraftträdande av en ny lag är att de nya bestämmeOn April 1, 2019, a new law will replace the current Swedish animal welfare law (1988: 534). One of the major and important changes for animal welfare is that the knowledge requirement is to now be introduced into the law. Worth to mention is that there also was an ambition to introduce the education requirement into the law. However, this proved to be disproportionate and too demanding. A probl
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Småvatten är en svacka eller hålighet som är vattenfylld året om. Dessa småvatten fyller många viktiga funktioner i naturen. De fungerar som utjämnare av flödesvariationer, uppehållsplats och födoplats för många djur och växter och som rena estetiska inslag i naturen, och inte minst som reningsplatser för oönskade näringsämnen så som kväve. Dessa småvatten har iWetlands play an important role in the ecosystem. They reduce the impact of flow flux in the drainage area, acts as upholder of biodiversity, as an esthetic and recreational component in the landscape and they have the ability to reduce nutrients such as nitrogen, and help preventing eutrophication in costal areas. The number of wetlands in Scania have, due to the intensified agriculture been redu
The bicycle has many advantages as means of transport in cities. It contributes to an active lifestyle, saving money compared to driving, causing minimal emissions and reduce congestion problems in cities (Pucher & Buehler, 2008). Many municipalities have had a target to reduce the proportion of car journeys in towns in order to contribute to sustainable development, but few have succeeded (Ar
The efficiency of combustion engines is crucial for their future development, prompting researchers to explore various factors to enhance performance. Among these factors, exhaust gases hold significant potential. Typically, exhaust gases carry about 30-40% of the engine's energy, which often remains underutilized. Although technologies like turbochargers have made progress in recovering some
Under åren 1965-1974 genomfördes en omfattande bostadsproduktion i Sverige som betecknas miljonprogrammet. Då byggdes en miljon bostäder runtom i landet. Idag finns behov av att renovera dessa bostäder. I samband med det kan energisparåtgärder genomföras för att minska energianvändningen. Detta kan uppfyllas genom att åtgärda otäta väggar och byta ut äldre fönster som medför oönskade värmeförlusteIn order to maintain a good indoor environment, air pollutants such as moisture need to be removed by the ventilation. Among the Swedish Public Health Agency's general advices for ventilation and indoor environment, 3 g/m3 is a guideline value for moisture excess during winter months to not pose a risk to human health. The indoor climate parameters moisture excess, relative humidity and air va
Flerstegsklausuler anger att avtalsparter ska lösa tvister i olika steg. Fler-stegsklausulens försteg kan exempelvis ange att parterna i första hand ska lösa tvister genom medling. Klausulen avslutas alltid med ett slutsteg som föreskriver att parterna antingen får lösa tvister genom allmän domstol eller skiljeförfarande. Denna uppsats undersöker om civilrättsliga påföljder kan aktualiseras om en Multi-tiered clauses state that the parties shall resolve disputes in certain steps. For example, the first step of the multi-tiered clause may state that the parties should first resolve disputes through mediation. The last step of the clause always stipulates that the parties may either resolve disputes through general court or arbitration. This essay examines whether civil law sanctions can be
Domstolarnas uppgift att verka för förlikningar har fått allt större prioritet sedan Rättegångsbalkens införande. När parterna lyckas nå en förlikning i en tvist som är anhängiggjord i domstol kan de välja att begära stadfästelse. Om avtalet reglerar den sak som talan rör ska rätten stadfästa avtalet i en dom. Denna dom får sedan rättskraft och frågan i målet kan därmed inte prövas igen. För att nThe courts’ task of trying to reach a conciliation between parts in a dispute has gained increasing priority since the Swedish Civil procedure law came into force. When parties successfully reach an agreement in a dispute pending in court, they can request ratification. If the agreement addresses the subject matter of the claim, the court will ratify the agreement through a judgment. Through the r
The issue with the Palestinian refugees is one of the world's longest standing refugee problems. After the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, the Palestinians living there have been targeted for gross human rights abuses including kidnappings, torture and killings. This has lead to a mass flight of Palestinians out of Iraq. The problem for this group of refugees is that they have not been acce
The European energy market has undergone a large transformation in the last 20 years. It has gone from being a market strictly controlled by the Member States and dominated by state monopolies to being a privatized market under the rules of the market economy. This process has as its main aim to create a free and unified European energy market characterized by productive competition. A number of s
Ten per cent of the population in the western world suffer from osteoarthritis – a widespread endemic disease that is estimated to cost the Swedish society equivalent to two per cent of the Swedish GNP annually, corresponding to over 50 billion SEK in 2009 in treatments and lost productivity. With an increasing aging population the incidence of osteoarthritis is expected to be further enhanced. In
Background Suicide attempts are common in youth and have potentially lethal outcomes. Effective treatments targeting suicide attempts are scarce. Objective To assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a family-based cognitive behavioural treatment relative to an active control for youth with suicidal behaviour. Methods 30 youths (93% female; mean (SD) age=14.6 (1.5) years) residing in Swe
Background: As the survival rate of preterm infants continues to rise worldwide, more infants are at risk of developing sight-threatening retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Destructive retinal laser treatment and intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), factor, which have potential systemic side effects, are necessary to prevent blindness in severe cases of ROP. Of
