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Nödvärn är en ansvarsfrihetsgrund som stadgas i 24 kap. 1 § BrB och innebär att en otillåten gärning rättfärdigas. Om gärningsmannen vid en nödvärnssituation brukar större våld eller förorsakar svårare skada än vad nödvärn tillåter kan personen gå fri från ansvar om omständigheterna var sådana att denne svårligen kunde besinna sig. Detta följer av nödvärnsexcess som stadgas i 24 kap. 6 § BrB. Vid Self-defense is the base of a discharge system explained in chapter 24 paragraph 6 of the Swedish Penal code, which impose that an unauthorized act can be justified. If a self-defense situation occurs and a person cause greater violence or more damage than it allows, the person may avoid responsibility if the circumstances were such that he could hardly control himself. This is called excessive se

The study investigates the underlying factors and motives that led to the planning of collective housing in Sweden, from the 1930s until today. The brand new collective housing KomBo is used as an example to illuminate the current practice for collective housing planning. Through a critical review of various planning related documents and a total of five interviews, the study conclude the followin

Min utgångspunkt har varit de senaste årens trendbrott i boendepreferenser, där storstäderna inte växer i samma takt som tidigare. Allt fler söker sig till platser med stort utbud av småhus, närhet till natur, goda förbindelser till arbete och rimligare kvadratmeterpriser. Till följd av detta har flera mindre kommuner och orter fått en skjuts i befolkningstillväxt. En av dessa kommuner är min egOver the last years the bigger cities in Sweden haven’t grown at the same speed as before. There has been a rising trend of people choosing to live outside of the big cities as they tend to look for areas with proximity to nature, large selection of small houses, good connections to work and more reasonable square meter prices. As a result, several smaller municipalities and towns have received a

In the last century, agricultural intensification has led to loss of permanent pastures in the landscape which has been correlated with a loss in biodiversity. Specifically, small specialist species are more negatively affected. Often because they have a higher demand on suitable complementary habitats, larger home-range requirements of a high quality. Small species also have a lower mobility and

Barnfridsbrottet i 4 § 3 kap. BrB är ett relativt nytt brott i svensk lagstiftning då det trädde i kraft 1 juli 2021. Lagstiftarens avsikt med bestämmelsen var att uppmärksamma barn som lever i miljöer där våld och andra brottsliga gärningar förekommer och låta deras röster höras genom hela den rättsliga processen. Forskning visar att barn som upplever våld mellan närstående är särskilt skadligt fThe criminalization of letting children witness violence or other crimes in Section 4, Chapter 3 in the Swedish Criminal Code is a relatively new offence as it came into force on 1 July 2021. The legislator's intention with this provision was to draw attention to children living in environments where violence and other criminal acts occur. Research shows that children who experience domestic v

This thesis concerns the refugee debate in Denmark. The study is a comparative case study in order to examine different aspects of the refugee debate. The aim of the study is to investigate the different approaches with focus on the reactions to the movement of refugees in 2015 and the war in Ukraine in 2022. The study aims to highlight how the refugees are portrayed in the Danish debate and explo

Macroalgae are important habitats which can be found almost all over the world. An alteration has been observed from perennial species to annual filamentous algae during the last decades. This change has affected the abundance, diversity and composition of the invertebrate fauna living in these habitats. This study observes how the increasing amounts of epiphytic, filamentous algae growing on the

Den rättsliga utredningens avsikt är att besvara frågan om huruvida det är möjligt att ställa arbetsrättsliga villkor i en upphandling där utstationering förekommer. Uppsatsen visar att det finns ett visst utrymme att ställa arbetsrättsliga villkor i en offentlig upphandling. För att sådana krav ska vara förenliga med EU-rätten måste de dock överensstämma med EU:s allmänna upphandlingsprinciper. DThe purpose of this study is to illustrate the interaction between the EU rules on public procurement and the regulation of posted workers. The intention is therefore to discuss the role of labor requirements in public procurement regulations at an EU level. In order to answer the research question this study will investigate the EU rules on posted workers and public procurement. In addition, case

This thesis examines how moral discourse concerning FGM/C is articulated by the NGOs Amazonian Initiative Movement (AIM) and Advocacy Movement Network (AMNet) and with what consequences. It is a case study about these two organisations which uses content analysis as the main data collecting and analysing strategy. The theoretical framework describes the contemporary debate regarding FGM/C and cate

Det har länge varit en självklarhet att sexualbrott är egenhändiga brott, något som under de senaste åren börjat luckras upp. Förändring har öppnat upp för möjligheten för svenska domstolar att döma gärningsmän för sexualbrott på distans; alltså när de begått sexuella övergrepp på internet. Det görs med hänvisning till formuleringen i brottsbalkens sjätte kapitel, om det med hänsyn till kränkningeFor a long time, it has been a certainty that sexual assaults are self-inflicted crimes. This matter, however, has begun to change. This has presented the possibility for Swedish courts to convict perpetrators of sexual offenses from a distance; that is, when the offense has occurred on the internet. The wording of the sixth chapter of the Penal Code makes this possible, if the act can be compared

Den tekniska utvecklingen inom artificiell intelligens (AI), maskininlärda algoritmer och datainsamling har möjliggjort den profilering och det automatiserade beslutsfattandet enskilda dagligen exponeras för. Profilering och automatiserat beslutsfattande består av en uppsättning tekniker, inklusive användning av algoritmer i syfte att utvinna kunskaper ur stora datamängder. Profilering är en automThe technical development in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning algorithms and data collection has made profiling and automated decision-making possible. Individuals are exposed to AI on a daily basis. Profiling and automated decision-making consist of techniques, including the use of algorithms in order to extract knowledge from large amounts of data. Profiling is an automated process

En närmast evig fråga i den svenska straffrätten är hur uppsåtsbedömningen ska utföras vid gärningspersoner påverkade av självförvållad berusning. Svensk rätt har genom historien antagit olika ståndpunkter i frågan vilka i uppsatsen utreds genom ett rättsutvecklingsperspektiv. Det rådande rättsläget undersöks genom en rättsanalytisk rättsfallsanalys av 32 hovrättsdomar från 2018. RättsfallsundersöA nearly never-ending question within the Swedish criminal law is how to assess the intent of a self-induced intoxicated offender. The Swedish legal system has during the legislative history adopted multiple positions in the topic which the essay seeks to investigate in the context of legal development. The current legal position is investigated through an analytical case study of 32 rulings from

Designing and developing a software product is a difficult process. The product must be usable and solve the correct problem. At the same time, the underlying code must be well written. Many projects fail to deliver or exceed their budget. This thesis explores a practical approach to software design and development that tries to adhere to both user centered design and agile development. The proces

Inledning Tjänstefelsbestämmelsen återfinns i 20:1 BrB och har diskuterats kriminalpolitiskt under lång tid, vilket medfört att tjänstefelsansvarets stränghet varierat. Frågeställningen blir då vilka argument som framförts för och mot kriminalisering av tjänstefelsgärningar och vilka kriminaliseringsbegränsande principer som kan anföras för och mot kriminalisering av tjänstefelsgärningar. Syftet mIntroduction The misconduct provision is found in 20:1 in the Penal Code and has been discussed in criminal policy for a long time, resulting in that the severity of the misconduct responsibility has varied. The question that follows is what arguments that are presented for and against the criminalization of misconduct offences and which criminalization limiting principles that can be set in contr

Many companies today are transforming their development process by leaving an old-fashioned one, like the waterfall model, behind and instead aiming for a modern process like Scrum that can keep up with today’s rapid market changes and reduce time to market lag. These companies are often aiming to become more agile and with this comes a need for short release cycles in order to get fast feedback a

I denna uppsats har jag undersökt den litteräre arketypen jurodivyj eller ”dåre för Kristi skull” och hur denna har utvecklats i den ryska litteraturen. Jag har kommit fram till att karaktärstypen kan porträtteras väldigt annorlunda från hur verklighetens exempel på heliga dårar har framställts i de hagiografiska helgonberättelserna. De underliggande skälen till denna utveckling går att hitta hos In this thesis, I have examined the literary archetype of the yurodivy or “fool for Christ’s sake” and how it has developed within Russian literature. I find that the character may be portrayed significantly different from the real-life yurodivy depicted in the hagiographic tales. The roots for this development are mainly found in Fyodor Dostoevsky, who constructed what is called the “stylized hol

This present study is a qualitative examination of government policy regarding Danish, unemployed and uneducated youths. The empirical basis for the study consists of fieldwork, in the form of participant observation and qualitative interviews. The physical field of study consisted of the municipality of Uddannelsesby. Within the study informants, such as the aforementioned youths, but also munici

Lignin accounts for 15 – 30 % of plant biomass, but is till today remarkably underutilized, mainly due to its heterogeneity and recalcitrance towards depolymerization. The bacterial conversion of lignin into value added chemicals is a highly promising approach to overcome this underutilization and can help to improve the economic competitiveness of the biorefinery concept. In the current study, 1