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The efficiency of combustion engines is crucial for their future development, prompting researchers to explore various factors to enhance performance. Among these factors, exhaust gases hold significant potential. Typically, exhaust gases carry about 30-40% of the engine's energy, which often remains underutilized. Although technologies like turbochargers have made progress in recovering some
The bicycle has many advantages as means of transport in cities. It contributes to an active lifestyle, saving money compared to driving, causing minimal emissions and reduce congestion problems in cities (Pucher & Buehler, 2008). Many municipalities have had a target to reduce the proportion of car journeys in towns in order to contribute to sustainable development, but few have succeeded (Ar
Macroporous hydrogels (MHs), cryogels, are a new type of biomaterials for tissue engineering that can be produced from any natural or synthetic polymer that forms a gel. Synthetic MHs are rendered bioactive by surface or bulk modifications with extracellular matrix components. In this study, cell response to the architecture of protein ligands, bovine type-I collagen (CG) and human fibrinogen (Fg)
During the last decades, increased concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM) and colour of surface waters have been reported from northern Europe and North America. Since surface waters are widely used for drinking water production this development has been problematic for drinking water producers. Even though NOM in itself is not harmful, it can cause production of undesirable disinfection b
Den 1 juli 2018 fick Sverige en ny våldtäktslagstiftning. Den nya lagstiftningen innebar att rekvisitet som skiljer olagligt och lagligt sexuellt umgänge förändrades. I tidigare våldtäktslagstiftning har tvång varit en förutsättning för att en våldtäkt skulle anses förövad. Med den nya regleringen står nu frivillighet i centrum för denna bedömning. Lagändringen föregicks av mycket debatt. Det diskOn the 1st of July 2018 Sweden changed the law on sexual assault. The new law meant that the prerequisite that separate sexual assault and legal sexual intercourse was changed. In previous legislation coercion was needed for a perpetrator to be convicted of sexual assault. The new law instead places voluntariness at the center of the court’s assessment. The amendment was preceded by much debate. T
Det finns många olika omständigheter som kan leda till att en entreprenör inte kan utföra sitt arbete i den avtalade tiden. Vissa omständigheter berättigar entreprenören att utföra sitt arbete vid en senare tid än den avtalade tiden. Avtalsparterna ingår ofta andra avtal med tanke på att entreprenaden ska vara klar vid den avtalade tiden. Därför kan det vara särskilt viktigt för både entreprenörenThere are various circumstances that can lead to a contractor is unable to perform the work within the agreed time. Some circumstances can justify the contractor to perform the work later than the agreed time. The contracting par-ties usually going with an agreement to gets the contractor to perform the work in time. That is why it is very important for the contractor and client to end the contrac
Den 1 april 2019 kommer en ny djurskyddslag träda i kraft. En av de stora och viktiga ändringar för djurskyddet är att ett kunskapskrav ska införas i lagen. Ambitionen var att även ett utbildningskrav skulle införas i lagen men det visade sig vara oproportionerligt och alldeles för betungande för de enskilda. Ett problem som brukar förekomma vid ikraftträdande av en ny lag är att de nya bestämmeOn April 1, 2019, a new law will replace the current Swedish animal welfare law (1988: 534). One of the major and important changes for animal welfare is that the knowledge requirement is to now be introduced into the law. Worth to mention is that there also was an ambition to introduce the education requirement into the law. However, this proved to be disproportionate and too demanding. A probl
De senaste åren har beskattning av den digitala ekonomin hamnat i focus. Det har gett upphov till att bl.a. OECD och EU har kommit med förslag på hur man ska kunna lösa detta dilemma. Traditionellt blir ett företag beskattat i den stat där detta har hemvist eller i den stat där företaget har ett fast driftställe för vilket det är angivet flera olika anknytningspunkter. Dessa anknytningsfaktorer byIn the last couple of years, taxation of the digital economy has become a subject that is on everybody’s mind. This has given rise to attempts from OECD and EU, amongst others, to solve this dilemma. For a company to be taxed in a state it must be a resident in that state or be attributed a permanent establishment that requires that the company has a physical presence in the state. This makes taxi
Uppsatsen undersöker om Högsta domstolen (HD), genom att frångå lagstiftarens intentioner avseende vad som ska utgöra normalstraffet för mord, har överskridit sina befogenheter enligt regeringsformen (RF). Med normalstraff avses det straff domstolarna utgår ifrån när det bestämmer straffvärdet. I Sverige utgår all offentlig makt från folket, vilket betecknas som folksuveränitetsprincipen. Det voThe paper examines if the Supreme Court, by not following the legislator´s intentions regarding what the normal penalty for murder should be, has exceeded its powers under the Instrument of Government. Normal penalty refers to the penalty that the courts proceed from when deciding the penal value. The public power in Sweden proceeds from the people. It would be difficult to implement that the pe
Under åren 1965-1974 genomfördes en omfattande bostadsproduktion i Sverige som betecknas miljonprogrammet. Då byggdes en miljon bostäder runtom i landet. Idag finns behov av att renovera dessa bostäder. I samband med det kan energisparåtgärder genomföras för att minska energianvändningen. Detta kan uppfyllas genom att åtgärda otäta väggar och byta ut äldre fönster som medför oönskade värmeförlusteIn order to maintain a good indoor environment, air pollutants such as moisture need to be removed by the ventilation. Among the Swedish Public Health Agency's general advices for ventilation and indoor environment, 3 g/m3 is a guideline value for moisture excess during winter months to not pose a risk to human health. The indoor climate parameters moisture excess, relative humidity and air va
Introduction Patient outcome measures are required to assess the quality of healthcare. Tools for a patients' self-assessment of quality of recovery, during perioperative care, have been developed during the last decade. The Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PostopQRS) questionnaire is one of the most well-accepted and validated tools available. Here we assess the PostopORS questionnaire in
BACKGROUND: Highly increased risk of injuries has been noted around the time of cancer diagnosis. Whether there is a similar increase in risk around the diagnosis of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions was unknown.METHODS: We performed a cohort study including 3,016,307 Swedish women that participated in cervical screening during 2001 to 2012. We calculated the incidence rates (IR) of hospit
In this study, a high-speed, fast responsive, non-intrusive ultrasonic thermometry system was proposed as a potential candidate for overcoming the disadvantages of thermocouples. The principle of this system is based on the thermal dependence of the speed of sound, and the temperature is measured by detecting the flight time of ultrasonic wave (USW) between the transmitter and the receiver. For a
The way microbes behave in nature can vary widely depending on the spatial characteristics of the habitats they are located in. The spatial structure of the microbial environment can determine whether and to which extent processes such as organic matter degradation, and synergistic or antagonistic microbial processes occur. Investigating how the different spatial characteristics of microhabitats i
Background and Aims: Incisional hernia development is a frequent long-term sequel after open abdomen treatment. This report describes a novel technique, the vacuum-assisted wound closure and permanent onlay mesh–mediated fascial traction for temporary and final closure of the open abdomen, with the intention to decrease incisional hernia rates. Primary aim was to evaluate incisional hernia develop
OBJECTIVE: Trans-catheter (TC) pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) has become common practice for patients with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) and/or pulmonic insufficiency (PI). Our aim was to compare PVR and right ventricular (RV) function of patients who received TC vs surgical PVR.DESIGN: Retrospective review of echocardiograms obtained at three time points: before, immediat
Objective: To present the baseline data of the international TuberOus SClerosis registry to increase disease Awareness (TOSCA) with emphasis on the characteristics of epilepsies associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).Methods: Retrospective and prospective patients' data on all aspects of TSC were collected from multiple countries worldwide. Epilepsy variables included seizure type, age a
The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Forces (TFs) on Quality of Life (QoL) and Patient Oriented Outcomes, Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) present a review of the literature and position statement on health-related (HR) QoL assessment in skin cancer patients. A literature search was carried out to identify publications since 1980 that included information abo
