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This article examines the pathophysiology of lesions caused by focal cerebral ischemia. Ischemia due to middle cerebral artery occlusion encompasses a densely ischemic focus and a less densely ischemic penumbral zone. Cells in the focus are usually doomed unless reperfusion is quickly instituted. In contrast, although the penumbra contains cells "at risk," these may remain viable for at least 4 to
Introduction Cerebrospinal fluid collection by lumbar puncture (LP) is performed in the diagnostic workup of several neurological brain diseases. Reluctance to perform the procedure is among others due to a lack of standards and guidelines to minimize the risk of complications, such as post-LP headache or back pain. Methods We provide consensus guidelines for the LP procedure to minimize the risk
PurposeDuring the last ten years, the International Labour Organisation (ILO), and some other international organizations, have increasingly addressed human trafficking from a “forced labour” perspective. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the terminology in relation to human trafficking and forced labour, to highlight the links between them, and to provide a critique of the ILO approach. It
Several extensions of the standard model predict associated production of dark-matter particles with a Higgs boson. Such processes are searched for in final states with missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair with the ATLAS detector using 36.1 fb-1 of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC. The observed data are in agreement with the standard mode
The TCIRG1 gene encodes a component of the osteoclast vacuolar proton pump and previous work has shown that inactivating mutations of the TCIRG1 cause autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. In order to determine whether allelic variation in TCIRG1 contributes to the regulation of bone mineral density (BMD) in normal individuals, we studied the relationship between polymorphisms of TCIRG1 and BMD in a
Post-traumatic microalbuminuria may be caused by either charge- or size-selective alterations in the glomerular filtration barrier, or both, and/or to a reduction in proximal tubular protein reabsorption (PTR). This study was performed to elucidate the pathophysiology of the increases in glomerular permeability occurring in rats exposed to laparotomy or to laparotomy and muscle trauma. In anaesthe
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relation between un-employment and macroeconomic performance. A strong correlation hasbeen pointed out before, but a crucial question is over what time-horizonthis holds. To the best of our knowledge, no previous cross-country studyhas shown that there is a long-run relationship between unemploymentand macroeconomic performance over a time-period th
Theoretical calculations of reaction kinetics were done for one‐step reactions catalyzed by cells immobilized in spherical beads. The reactions catalyzed by free cells were assumed to obey Michaelis–Menten kinetics for a one‐substrate reaction. Both external (outside the beads) and internal (inside the beads) mass transfer of the substrate were considered for the immobilized preparations. The theo
Traditionally, international humanitarian organisations have used on-demand dispatch of disaster relief goods from regional logistics units (RLUs) for sudden onset disaster response. This paper investigates the improvements in efficiency and resilience of disaster relief operations by combining the existing method of onshore prepositioning of relief items in RLUs with offshore prepositioning of re
Small ligaments connecting the fracture surfaces just behind a moving crack front are assumed to exist under certain conditions. The ligaments are rapidly torn as the crack advances. Inelastic straining of such ligaments influences the energy balance in the fracture process. The rapid tearing of a single ligament is studied both numerically and experimentally. An elastic visco-plastic material modSmall ligaments connecting the fracture surfaces just behind a moving crack front are assumed to exist under certain conditions. The ligaments are rapidly torn as the crack advances. Inelastic straining of such ligaments influences the energy balance in the fracture process. The rapid tearing of a single ligament is studied both numerically and experimentally. An elastic visco-plastic material mod
Results of a search for new phenomena in events with large missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying to two photons are reported. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) have been collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The observed data are well described by the expected standard model b
Popular Abstract in Swedish Skogskalkning ledde till ökat artantal, ökat antal individer av enskilda arter och ökad omsättning av arter i fältskiktet i bokskog. För gulplister var individstorleken och sexuell respektive vegetativ förökning opåverkad av kalkningen. Sexuell och vegetativ förökning ökade med ökad individstorlek hos gulplister, både i en population av omanipulerade individer som växteLiming increased species richness, in accordance with the species pool hypothesis, and number of plants of individual species in beech forest field-layer vegetation, by increasing establishment by seedlings and vegetative offspring. Turnover rates also increased, suggesting the explanatory value of the carousel model. Plant size, absolute measures of reproduction, and poportional measures of sexua
We present an optimal adaptive controller that is used to regulate the chemical process of wood ash stabilization (WAS). The model parameters of the time-varying process dynamics are estimated using recursive least squares (RLS). At each batch an auto-tuning sequence produced with the controller disabled is carried through in order to obtain a good estimate of the process dynamics. After the auto-
Islet autoantibodies (IAs) precede the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the knowledge is limited about whether the prodrome affects complete blood counts (CBCs) in 4- to 12-year-old children with increased genetic risk for T1D. This study tested whether CBCs were altered in 4- to 12-year-old children without (n = 376) or with one or several IAs against insulin, GAD65, or IA-2 (n =
A search for new charged massive gauge bosons, W′, is performed with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data were collected in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1. This analysis searches for W′ bosons in the W′→tb¯ decay channel in final states with an electron or muon plus jets. The search covers resonance masses betw
We provide a natural resource explanation for the divergence of the Portuguese economy relative to other European countries before the Second World War, based on a considerable body of contemporary sources. First, we demonstrate that a lack of domestic resources meant that Portugal experienced limited and unbalanced growth during the age of steam. Imports of coal were prohibitively expensive for i
The fact that machines play an increasingly more important role in our daily life is hardly new to anyone. Robots help us with a wide range of things in our daily lives, the smartphone perhaps being the best illustration of this state of affairs. The debate among experts in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is divided: is the rapid development good for humanity, or is it bad (Müller and Bo
Computational tools are widely used for interpreting variants detected in sequencing projects. The choice of these tools is critical for reliable variant impact interpretation for precision medicine and should be based on systematic performance assessment. The performance of the methods varies widely in different performance assessments, for example due to the contents and sizes of test datasets.
