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As sales of e-bikes increase, so does the need for reliable evaluations of which means of transport the e-bike replaces, what we call the substitution effect. A randomised controlled trial with GPS data from 98 frequent drivers in Sweden was conducted to investigate the effect of the e-bike on modal choice, the number of trips, distance, as well as perceptions of the e-bike as a substitute for the
The wastewater industry is currently facing dramatic changes, shifting away from energy-intensive wastewater treatment towards low-energy, sustainable technologies capable of achieving energy positive operation and resource recovery. The latter will shift the focus of the wastewater industry to how one could manage and extract resources from the wastewater, as opposed to the conventional paradigm
A hybrid catalyst consisting of Zr-doped mesoporous silica (Zr-SBA-15) supports with intergrown Cu nanoparticles was used to study the effects of a catalyst’s chemical states on CO2 hydrogenation. The chemical state of the catalyst was altered by using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) or sodium metasilicate (SMS) as the silica precursor in the synthesis of the Zr-SBA-15 framework, and infiltration A hybrid catalyst consisting of Zr-doped mesoporous silica (Zr-SBA-15) supports with intergrown Cu nanoparticles was used to study the effects of a catalyst’s chemical states on CO2 hydrogenation. The chemical state of the catalyst was altered by using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) or sodium metasilicate (SMS) as the silica precursor in the synthesis of the Zr-SBA-15 framework, and infiltration
Sixty-four patients with active distal ulcerative colitis participated in a multicentre, randomized, investigator-blind trial to compare the effect of budesonide enema, 2 mg/100 ml, with prednisolone disodium phosphate enema, 31.25 mg/100 ml. Budesonide is a new potent corticosteroid with a rapid first-pass elimination. The patients were treated for 4 weeks, and the efficacy of the drugs were eval
Sound and radio can be used to estimate the distance between a transmitter and a sender by correlating the emitted and received signal. Alternatively by correlating two received signals it is possible to estimate distance difference. Such methods can be divided into methods that are robust to noise and reverberation, but give limited precision and sub-sample refinements that are sensitive to noiseSound and radio can be used to estimate the distance between a transmitter and a sender by correlating the emitted and received signal. Alternatively by correlating two received signals it is possible to estimate distance difference. Such methods can be divided into methods that are robust to noise and reverberation, but give limited precision and sub-sample refinements that are sensitive to noise
Little is known about how gendered understandings of patients can inform professionals’ discretionary actions and decisions to include or exclude in clinical practice. Using Connell's poststructuralist perspectives on gender as an analytic framework, this article aims to investigate how professionals’ articulations of depression are framed by signs of masculinity and femininity, and how these artiLittle is known about how gendered understandings of patients can inform professionals’ discretionary actions and decisions to include or exclude in clinical practice. Using Connell's poststructuralist perspectives on gender as an analytic framework, this article aims to investigate how professionals’ articulations of depression are framed by signs of masculinity and femininity, and how these arti
In the present study, one type of uniformly nanostructured surface (NPDS) was modified by electrophoretic deposition. Two kinds of micro/nanostructured surfaces (FLS1 and FLS2) were fabricated on copper surfaces by femtosecond laser processing. The micro/nanostructured surfaces were further modified by electrophoretic deposition. Afterwards, composite micro/nanostructured surfaces (CS1 and CS2) we
Like many seabirds, auks spend most of the year in offshore areas. Information on which oceanic areas they rely on throughout the winter is therefore important in understanding their population dynamics and establishing appropriate conservation measures. The breeding populations of Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia), Common Murres (Uria aalge) and Razorbills (Alca torda) in Iceland have been report
Membrane-bound water channels known as aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate water transport across biological membranes along osmotic gradients. Since all living cells depend on their ability to maintain water homeostasis, this must be tightly regulated. In eukaryotes, this is achieved by gating, which involves a conformational change of the protein, thereby physically blocking water transport, or by traf
An approach to reduce CO2 emissions while simultaneously keeping the soot emissions down from compression ignition (CI) engines is to blend in short chained oxygenates into the fuel. In this work, two oxygenated fuel blends consisting of diesel, biodiesel and EtOH in the ratio of 68:17:15 and 58:14:30 has been utilized and studied in a single cylinder light duty (LD) CI engine in terms of efficien
Timing of return to the breeding area presumably optimizes breeding output in migrants. How timing affects the other components of fitness — survival, has been comparatively little studied. Returning too early in spring is expected to be associated with high mortality in insectivorous migrants when weather conditions are still unsuitable. Yet, males in particular arrive early to get access to the
Background: To determine the feasibility and efficacy of a retinal telephotocoagulation treatment plan for diabetic macular edema. Methods: Prospective, interventional cohort study at two clinical sites. Sixteen eyes of ten subjects with diabetic macular edema underwent navigated focal laser photocoagulation using a novel teleretinal treatment plan. Clinic 1 (King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, R
A series of racemic aryl-substituted phenylalanines was synthesized and evaluated in vitro at recombinant rat GluA1-3, at GluK1-3, and at native AMPA receptors. The individual enantiomers of two target compounds, (RS)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dichloro-5-(5-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid 37 and (RS)-2-amino-3-(3'-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)propanoic acid 38, were characterized. (S)-37 and (R)-38 were id
Since the EU introduced the European Landscape Convention (ELC) in 2000, the landscape has received growing attention in spatial planning and environmental impact assessments. To promote implementation of the ELC, the Swedish National Heritage Board proposed its Landscape Vision 2020, which addresses the goal of a ‘holistic landscape policy’. This study examined challenges and benefits brought by
Urban densification is a way of accommodating population growth. Land adjacent to railways is used for constructing residences and other buildings, and new tramway systems are planned. Under these circumstances, nearby buildings will be exposed to vibrations and noise that may become a nuisance for the residents. It is necessary, even at an early stage of planning, to assess the extent of the vibr
The Transfermium Working Group (TWG) was set up in 1986 under the joint auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). Its conclusions, duly endorsed by IUPAC and IUPAP, were published in the following three reports:1. Criteria that must be satisfied for the discovery of a new chemical element to be recogni
Background: This analysis of the Observational Postmarketing Ulcerative Colitis Study examined incidence rates of colectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis who received originator infliximab (IFX) or conventional therapies (ConvRx) as per their treating physician. Methods: Cox proportional hazards models compared time to colectomy for both treatment groups. A secondary analysis examined colect
The field of death studies has a rich interdisciplinary history but little scholarship examining the process of interdisciplinary collaboration. The development of, and inquiry into, a more rigorously interdisciplinary death studies is a topical pursuit. The aim of this paper is to shed critical light on researcher experiences in an interdisciplinary collaboration on the topics of dying, death of The field of death studies has a rich interdisciplinary history but little scholarship examining the process of interdisciplinary collaboration. The development of, and inquiry into, a more rigorously interdisciplinary death studies is a topical pursuit. The aim of this paper is to shed critical light on researcher experiences in an interdisciplinary collaboration on the topics of dying, death of
Despite the long tradition of fieldwork and qualitative research practice in tourism studies, the reporting of methodological notes and reflections is limited in the literature. Many excellent methodological remarks in research reports and graduate theses find few outlets in academic journals and those few contributions that are eventually published often emphasize the novelty of the method rather
Photoluminescence (PL) blinking is a common phenomenon in nanostructured semiconductors associated with charge trapping and defect dynamics. PL blinking kinetics exhibit very broadly distributed timescales. The traditionally employed analysis of probability distribution of ON and OFF events suffers from ambiguities in their determination in complex PL traces making its suitability questionable. He
