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Background: Isocapnic hyperventilation (IHV) is a method that shortens time to extubation after inhalation anaesthesia using hyperventilation (HV) without lowering airway CO 2 . In a clinical trial on patients undergoing long-duration sevoflurane anaesthesia for major ear–nose–throat (ENT) surgery, we evaluated th
Based on energy conservation, an optical theorem is constructed for a slab having an arbitrary periodic microstructure in a plane. A sum rule for low pass structures is derived using analytic properties of Herglotz functions based on causality and passivity. The sum rule relates the total cross section to the static polarizability per unit cell, and quantifies the interaction between the slab and
Background: Clinical studies have evaluated a correlation between preoperative walking capacity or function and outcome after hip and knee joint replacement surgery with contradictory results. Our aim was to investigate the effect of preoperative metabolic and/or aerobic exercise on surgical outcome, as well as to evaluate the effect of cumulated exercise by using a cutoff value at 3.5 hours throu
OBJECTIVE: Mediolateral knee movement can be assessed visually with clinical tests. A knee-medial-to-foot position is associated with an increased risk of knee injuries and pathologies. However, the implications of such findings on daily tasks are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate if a knee-medial-to-foot position assessed during a clinical test was associated with alte
BACKGROUND: Ghana's maternal mortality ratio remains high despite efforts made to meet Millennium Development Goal 5. A number of studies have been conducted on maternal mortality in Ghana; however, little is known about how the causes of maternal mortality are distributed in different socio-demographic subgroups. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess and analyse the causes of maternal mor
OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer disease (AD) can now be diagnosed in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using biomarkers. However, little is known about the rate of decline in those subjects. In this cohort study, we aimed to assess the conversion rate to dementia and identify prognostic markers in subjects with MCI and evidence of amyloid pathology. METHODS: We pooled subjects from the VU Un
The move towards the liberalisation of the energy markets in the whole world and the general shift from command-and-control to market mechanisms bring forward new ways of stimulating initiatives to increase the efficiency in the final uses of energy and demand-side management. In the past, energy policies were implemented in most countries by direct action of the governments through state monopoli
AbstractThe uptake of different nitrogen forms by understory species was studied in field and laboratory. Species of the understory in deciduous forests have previously been thought to take up and assimilate only inorganic nitrogen sources. However, species also have the opportunity to assimilate amino acids, usually in low rates compared with ammonium, according to solution culture studies, but m
Introduction: Knowledge of longitudinal progression in mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is required for the evaluation of disease-modifying therapies. Our aim was to observe the effects of long-term cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) therapy in mild AD patients in a routine clinical setting. Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, non-randomised, multicentre study of ChEI treatment (donepezil, riva
Background: Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and semi-automatic right ventricular delineation has been proposed as an appropriate method for right ventricle (RV) evaluation. We aimed to examine how manual correction of semi-automatic delineation influences the accuracy of 3DE for RV volumes and function in a clinical adult setting using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as the reference met
Background: A varying response to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment has been reported among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the individual-specific response, specific ChEI agent or dose affects mortality is unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between the 6-month response to ChEI and lifespan. Methods: Six hundred and eighty-one deceased patients with a clinical AD
Background: There are limited prognostic data for locally advanced prostate cancer PCa to guide in the choice of treatment. Objective: To assess mortality in different prognostic categories among men with locally advanced PCa managed with noncurative intent. Design, setting, and participants: We conducted a register-based nationwide cohort study within the Prostate Cancer DataBase Sweden. The enti
Background: Recently, some US cohorts have shown a moderate association between red and processed meat consumption and mortality supporting the results of previous studies among vegetarians. The aim of this study was to examine the association of red meat, processed meat, and poultry consumption with the risk of early death in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and a decreased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, little is known about the risk of EAC and ESCC related to other metabolic risk factors. We aimed to examine the risk of EAC and ESCC in relation to metabolic risk factors, separately and combined in a prospective cohort study. Metho
OBJECTIVE - We assessed the association between A1C and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in an observational study of patients with type 1 diabetes followed for 5 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 7,454 patients were studied from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (aged 20-65 years, diabetes duration 1-35 years, followed from 2002 to 2007). RESULTS - Hazard ratios (HRs) for fatal/n
Background: The majority of non-syndromic colorectal cancers (CRCs) can be described as a complex disease. A two-stage case-control study on CRC susceptibility was conducted to assess the influence of the ancestral alleles in the polymorphisms previously associated with nutrition-related complex diseases. Methods: In stage I, 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in a hospital-b
Popular Abstract in Swedish Osteoporos (benskörhet) innebär att såväl bentätheten som skelettets hållfasthet minskar, vilket leder till ökad risk att få frakturer (benbrott). Osteoporos är en folksjukdom, där frakturerna medför stora kostnader såväl för individen som för samhället. De frakturer som räknas som osteoporosfrakturer är i första hand de som drabbar höft, bäcken, axel, handled och kota.Hip fracture is the most severe clinical manifestation of bone fragility. Hip fracture predominantly affects an already frail population and is associated with multi-cause morbidity and high mortality. Improved knowledge of long-term outcome is essential in order to improve future care and prevention of both fracture and its complications. In this thesis, all hip fracture patients during 1984-198
