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Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att empiriskt undersöka utförandet av earnings management under börsintroduktioner bland svenska bolag med hemvist i Sverige som noterats under 2009 och 2010. Studien ämnar även utreda vilka faktorer som påverkar utförandet av earnings management samt tänkbara orsaker till eventuella skillnader mellan Sverige och USA. Teoretiska referensramen: Den teoretiska ref

Popular Abstract in Swedish I min avhandling har jag tittat på möjligheten att göra om mänskliga hudceller direkt till dopaminerga nervceller. Dessa uppvisar flera egenskaper tillskrivna de dopaminerga nervceller vi hittar i hjärnan. Jag tittar även på möjligheten att transplantera dessa som hudceller i hjärnan på råttor och sen göra om dom till nervceller när de är på plats. Dessa celler bildar nCellular reprogramming is when one cell is changed into another. This involves structural modifications on the DNA of a cell resulting in a transcriptional change. This occurs naturally during development when early pluripotent cells gradually differentiate into more specialized cells that finally result in a complete organism. This is a finely orchestrated event that includes both extrinsic and i

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den här avhandlingen behandlar främst Schwannceller och hur de reagerar på en nervskada. Schwannceller omger alla nervtrådar i det perifera nervsystemet det vill säga det nervsystem som ligger utanför hjärna och ryggmärg och innerverar armar, ben, händer och fötter och så vidare. Schwannceller och ger dessa tillgång till de näringsämnen de behöver. De städar också upp sThis thesis concerns alterations in signal transduction in Schwann cells as a response to nerve injury as well as their survival, proliferation and death. Enzymes and transcription factors belonging to the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathways were studied. This included the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-termin

Popular Abstract in Swedish Pelagiska bakterier använder löst organiskt material som kol- och energikälla. Det lösta materialet kan ha sitt ursprung i intern (autokton) eller terrester (allokton) primärproduktion. Den här avhandlingen handlar om hur bakterier använder autoktont och alloktont producerat kol. Dessutom undersöker jag om det finns en koppling mellan kolkällans ursprung och strukturen Organic substrates for pelagic bacteria are derived from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water column that originates either from primary production from within the lake itself (autochthonous), or import of organic matter from the terrestrial watershed (allochthonous production). This thesis addresses the utilization of allochthonous versus autochthonous carbon (C) sources by lake bacteriopl

The Ph.D. project concerns itself with curatorial practice, its constituent modalities and potentialities. It consists of both a practical and a theoretical part. These are not separate entities, but immersed in each other. The point of departure is my own practice, but making claims for a general analysis of the politics of exhibition-making. Rather than proving or disproving certain proposition,

Appraisal is assuredly one of the most important archival practices. The decision whether to preserve or destroy a collection of archival material, or parts thereof, has direct implications for multiple societal aspects, including the cultural heritage aspect, citizens’ ability to exercise their civil rights, and access to source material for legal and research purposes. Archival appraisal within

Popular Abstract in Swedish Användningen av informations och kommunikationsteknik (IKT eller IT) påverkar vårt sätt att kommunicera i arbetslivet. Det underlättar distansarbete och skapar möjligheter till s.k. virtuella möten - att samarbeta utan att träffas fysiskt. Detta kan i sin tur påverka behovet av pendlings- och tjänsteresor, genom att vi får tillgång information, en funktion eller en tjänInformation and Communication Technologies change the way we work and communicate, enabling us to telework and to have virtual meetings - collaborating without a physical meeting. This can influence the need for commuting and business travel by provision of access to an activity without mobility - virtual mobility. The large environmental impact of travel makes this potential travel reduction inte

Popular Abstract in Swedish I rektorers uppdrag ingår ansvar för den pedagogiska verksamheten förändras och utvecklas. Den fråga som ställs i avhandlingen gäller om det finns en gemensam norm för hur rektorer tänker och handlar när det gäller den utvecklingsinriktade delen av ledaruppdraget. Om så är fallet hur ser den ut och kan den utvecklas? Bakgrund Stora förändringar på ett internationellt This thesis puts a focus on school leadership and school development. The local authorities took over responsibility for public education in 1991. At the same time, steerage by rules was abandoned in favour of steerage by goal-setting and result evaluation. The principal is an important link in this chain of steerage. The question posed by the thesis concerns whether there are common norms for th

This thesis addresses the impact of glaucoma on the patients’ vision from both a measurement based and a functionally based perspective. The risk of visual disability is probably the most important question for a newly diagnosed glaucoma patient and maintaining vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) has become the ultimate goal of glaucoma treatment. The objectives of the present thesis were to de

The informed consent process for clinical trials (CTs) is complex. Patients must be able to understand the information given to be able to make an informed decision. This thesis aimed to explore patients’ and patient representatives’ views, factual knowledge, and perceived understanding of patient information in clinical cancer trials, and to investigate how patients’ understanding may be correlat

Background: Atopic disorders are a global concern. Studies in migrant populations can illuminate the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Exposures related to bad housing (indoor dampness, mould growth, crowding etc.) are likely to play a role in how socioeconomic inequalities can turn into health disparities for disadvantaged populations. The sizable immigrant population living in very

Key performance indexes (KPIs) in various forms have always been used in one way or another in the production and processing of raw materials. The need for KPIs was accentuated with the advent of industrialism in the western world. The way and strategy of manufacturing industrial products has been divided into several so-called developmental transformations. Primarily after the depression of the 1

”Han talte de om som en hjälte” examines the use of parody and satire in the Swedish comedy series S*M*A*S*H (1990) and Pistvakt (1998–2000) as well as the feature film Pistvakt – En albinovästern från de vita vidderna (2005). By analyzing how the series illustrates performative masculinity from the definitions of Judith Butler in Gender Trouble (1990), conclusions on whether they destabilize norm“Han talte de om som en hjälte ”examines the use of parody and satire in the Swedish comedy series S*M*A*S*H (1990) and Pistvakt (1998–2000) as well as the feature film Pistvakt – En albinovästern från de vita vidderna (2005). By analyzing how the series illustrates performative masculinity from the definitions of Judith Butler in Gender Trouble (1990), conclusions on whether they destabilize norm

Radioresistance, the failure to achieve a desired outcome, is an obstacle in clinical radiotherapy. In this thesis we investigate factors affecting radioresistance and strategies to overcome it, both with established clinical approaches and by using novel pre-clinical discoveries. Study I & II concern the impact of tumour volume in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. In a large, pooled cohort

Växtätare kan påverka ekosystemprocesser, dels genom långsiktiga förändringar av växtsamhällets sammansättning, men också på kortare sikt genom derasmatspjälkning av organiskt material som cyklas genom markens nedbryderorganismer och tillbaka till de primära producenterna. Särskilt störreväxtätare har studerats i stor utsträckning, men i vissa ekosystem som skogar kan de mindre ryggradslösa växtätHerbivory can influence ecosystem processes, partly through long-term changes of the plant community compositions, but also more rapidly through the herbivores’ digestive alteration of the organic matter that is cycled through the soil and back to the primary producers. In the Subarctic mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) forest (SMBF) in Northern Fennoscandia, outbreaks by the geo

How does violent conflict affect the spread of Covid-19? In this paper we analyze how violent conflict influences the adoption of preventative measures and infection rate in a very poor, conflict-affected country, Burkina Faso. We use a unique panel of 1,919 households surveyed during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and merge these data with indicators of violence at the muniHow does violent conflict affect the spread of Covid-19? In this paper we analyze how violent conflict influences the adoption of preventative measures and infection rate in a very poor, conflict-affected country, Burkina Faso. We use a unique panel of 1,919 households surveyed during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and merge these data with indicators of violence at the muni

Popular Abstract in Swedish Främmande arter är sådana som introducerats med människans hjälp till områden de inte kan sprida sig till på egen hand. Om en introducerad art är framgångsrik och lyckas etablera och sprida sig i mottagarregionen kan den påverka de inhemska arterna genom predation, konkurrens, hybridisering, parasitism och förändring av habitat. Eftersom arterna i mottagarområdet inte hWe live in a globalised world where people and goods travel large distances. Various species are brought along on these journeys, intentionally or as hitchhikers. Some of these species establish populations in regions to which they could not have spread without human assistance, and where they are considered to be non indigenous species (NIS). These species can affect the ecosystem in the recipien

Popular Abstract in Swedish Många människor förespråkar en egalitär norm. I detta ingår att man ska bemöta människor på lika villkor och inte låta sig påverkas av irrelevanta faktorer som människors etniska ursprung, sexuella läggning eller norska brytning. Forskning visar dock att vi människor tenderar att tänka i termer av kategorier, och detta gäller även hur vi uppfattar andra människor. Vi ärThis thesis explores in-group bias control. It is well-known that people tend to have extra liking for people they identify themselves with. An extra positive in-group attitude may cause discrimination, even in the absence of any negative attitudes towards the out-group. At the same time are many people motivated to behave and present themselves as unbiased. We study whether people attempt to cont

Mot ökad tidsnoggrannhet i Sverige Atomur baserade på mikrovågor är i dag den teknik som används för tidshållning. Snart kan detta komma att förändras i och med optiska klockor. Dessa klockor har bland annat potential att kunna förbättra satellitbaserade navigeringssystem som GPS och har en så hög noggrannhet att det öppnar upp nya möjligheter för forskning kring gravitation. En klocka är fundameOptical clocks will potentially become the new frequency standard for the SI-definition of the second. Many national metrology institutes around the world have already implemented different versions of such clocks and others are in process of doing so. At SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, this process has recently begun. This thesis investigates the properties of the Zeeman slower that is t

Affärsmetoders patenterbarhet har diskuteras under en lång tid, dock är de exakta kraven för att en affärsmetod ska anses patenterbar och dessas tolkning inte tillräckligt klarlagda, varken i USA eller i Europa. Även om patenterbarheten av affärsmetoder inte har varit en okomplicerad fråga i USA, har både de amerikanska domstolarna och det amerikanska patentkontoret uppvisat en förhållandevis libeThe patentability of business methods has been debated over a long period of time, nevertheless the exact requirements for a business method to be patent eligible and their interpretation remain unclear both in the US and Europe. Although the patent eligibility of business methods has not been an obvious matter in the US, the US courts and the US patent office has chosen to adopt a quite liberal s