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Background: Craniopharyngioma is a parasellar tumour that, although benign, tends to behave aggressively. It can occur at any age but most commonly presents in childhood or adolescence. Objectives: to investigate the frequency and severity of problems associated with craniopharyngioma, using the large international database (KIMS) for adult patients with GH deficiency (GHD), and to assess the diff

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund Denna studie är en undersökning av barns musikskapande med synthesizer och dator. I studien deltog nio barn i åttaårsåldern. Musik utgör en viktig del i barns och ungdomars vardag och den stora exponering för musik som sker i vårt samhälle innebär att ingen är någon musikalisk nybörjare. Det är väl känt att barn kan skapa musik på egen hand, mest är det dock bToday’s children live in a world where music in all its different forms has become a significant factor in their everyday life. From earlier research we know that young children are able to create music by singing and using musical instruments. The present study was undertaken with eight-year-old children in school year 2 in order to investigate the children’s composing and composition processes u

Despite modern advances in the treatment of head and neck cancer, the survival rate fails to improve. Considering the different treatment modalities involved, quality of life has been thought of as an additional end point criterion for use in clinical trials. A Nordic protocol to measure the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients before, during, and after treatment was established. Befor

Under början av 1900-talet införde alla nordiska länder, förutom Norge, en möjlighet för frihetsberövade kvinnor att medföra sitt spädbarn i anstalten under straffverkställigheten. Regleringarna grundades på arvsbiologiska aspekter, då det var vanligt att de små barnen fortfarande ammades av sina mödrar och de var beroende av modersmjölken för att överleva. Med tiden har dock regleringarnas syfte In the beginning of the 20th century all Nordic countries except Norway introduced a possibility for imprisoned women to bring their infants with them during their sentence. The legislation was considered necessary due to the fact that the infant still was breast-fed by their mother. Child psychologist and psychoanalysist John Bowlby (from Great Britain) developed the affiliation theory during th

OBJECTIVE: The concordance index (c-index) is the standard way of evaluating the performance of prognostic models in the presence of censored data. Constructing prognostic models using artificial neural networks (ANNs) is commonly done by training on error functions which are modified versions of the c-index. Our objective was to demonstrate the capability of training directly on the c-index and t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Östersjön är ett grundhav med tillförsel av saltvatten från havet och sötvatten från omgivande floder. De två vattenmassorna är vertikalt skiktade, vilket resulterar i en estuarin cirkulation, vilken har genomgått stora förändringar till följd av landhöjningen efter senaste nedisningen. För att kunna rekonstruera havsmiljöers förändringar bakåt i tiden är det nödvändigtThe Baltic Sea is a continental shelf sea that is influenced by both river runoff and marine water. The two water masses are vertically stratified in the Baltic Sea, resulting in a positive, estuarine circulation system, which has undergone changes in the past due to isostatic uplift of the Baltic basin. For researchers to understand past changes in the marine environment of the Baltic Sea, a soun

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of focal laser photocoagulation on general and local retinal function and to relate electrophysiological findings with changes in protein kinase C (PKC) alpha expression. METHODS: Twelve rabbits were treated with 70 spots of laser photocoagulation in the central cone-rich retina. The operated eyes were investigated with electroretinography (full-field ERG and multif

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcome after carpal tunnel release in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. METHODS: We evaluated a prospective, consecutive series of 35 diabetic patients (median age, 54 years; 15 with type 1 and 20 with type 2 diabetes) with carpal tunnel syndrome, who were age- and gender-matched with 31 nondiabetic patients (median age, 51 years) having idiopathic carpal tunnel

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett fonetogram är ett diagram som beskriver röstfunktionens status genom att visa extremvärden av ljudtrycksnivå som funktion av grundtonsfrekvens. Tillvägagångssättet är att försökspersonen uttalar en vokal, i denna avhandling genomgående vokalen [a], på en given tonhöjd så svagt och så starkt som möjligt inom hela röstomfånget. Provet utföres i ett ljudisolerat rum meA phonetogram is a diagram displaying sound pressure levels (SPL) of softest and loudest possible phonation over the entire fundamental frequency range (F0) of a voice. Female singers mean phonetogram had a significantly higher upper contour than female nonsingers. When reading at various voice levels female singers produced markedly higher mean equivalent sound pressure levels (Leq) and mean rel

Biological diversity encompasses the genetic diversity within each species, the range of species in a given ecosystem e.g. species diversity and the diversity of ecosystems across an entire region (Primack, 2000). At present 1 per cent of the world’s described species are threatened with extinction. The most pervasive and overriding threat is habitat loss and degradation due to human activity such

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disorder characterized by reduced cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance, ultimately leading to tissue perfusion deficits and devastating consequences for several organs including the brain. We previously described a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-dependent enhancement of posterior cerebral artery tone and concomitant reduced cerebral bl

Hematological malignancies are defined by their underlying genetic alterations, many of which are used to diagnose patients to classify them to different risk groups that dictate the therapy given. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have highlighted the presence of co-occurring genetic lesions and that they may form distinct genetic clones that evolve throughout disease progression. Acu

BACKGROUND: The risk of spinal haematoma in patients receiving epidural catheters is estimated using routine coagulation tests, but guidelines are inconsistent in their recommendations on what to do when results indicate slight hypocoagulation. Postoperative patients are prone to thrombosis, and thromboelastometry has previously shown hypercoagulation in this setting. We aimed to better understand

Inom beredskapen mot radiologiska och nukleära olyckor och katastrofer spelar strålningsmätningar en avgörande roll för att ta reda på vad som har hänt och hur farligt det är för människa, djur och natur och på vilket sätt det påverkar miljö och samhällsfunktioner. I Sverige och många andra länder i världen har allmänheten en rättighet att få reda på vad som hänt och vad de utsätts för i ett eventThis thesis describes investigations made on mobile and stationary gammaspectrometry made both under laboratory conditions and in situ. The objective hasbeen to identify and quantify radionuclides in the form of point sources,contamination and widespread deposition in situations where the measurementgeometry is not known beforehand. Both scintillators and semiconductor detectors ofsimilar size wer

Localization is an important enabling technology for many applications, such as wireless sensor networks, emergency rescue services, civil defense and transportation. Suppose that a room is equipped with several microphones (or sensors), and one person is making a sound while moving around in the room. Can one find microphone and sound source positions as well as reconstruct a room geometry? The a

BACKGROUND: The Swedish school-based vaccination programme offers HPV vaccine to girls born ≥1999 in 5-6th grade. In 2012, all counties introduced free-of-charge catch-up vaccination campaigns targeting girls born 1993-1998. Varying vaccine uptake in the catch-up group by December 2012 suggested that some implementation strategies were more successful than others. In order to inform future vaccina

Den 1 januari 2016 skärptes kraven för luftutsläpp från förbränningsanläggningar genom För-ordningen (2013:252) om stora förbränningsanläggningar. I förordningen skärptes bland annat kraven för utsläpp av kväveoxider, NOX. Till följd av de skärpta kraven berördes Kraftringens produktionsanläggning Gunnesboverket. På anläggningen finns tre biooljeeldade hetvatten-pannor för fjärrvärmeproduktion därNew regulations regarding emissions of air pollutants came into force as of January 1st 2016 in Sweden. The regulations are found in “The Regulation on Large Combustion Plants” SFS 2013:252. The regulation contained stricter regulations of NOX emissions which affected the energy company Kraftringen and their three biooil-fueled boilers, at the heating plant Gunnesboverket, that are used for produc

Internationella skiljeförfaranden blir allt vanligare i den globala ekonomin. De sker ofta i neutral jurisdiktion där ingen av parterna, till synes, gynnas av vald jurisdiktions lagar. Skiljeförfaranden anses ofta som en av de bättre tvistelösningsformerna då de är effektiva, förutsebara och parterna får själva utforma förfarandena. Det är speciellt fördelaktigt om de rättsliga relationerna mellanInternational commercial arbitrations are increasing by the numbers in the global economy. The arbitrations are often set on neutral ground in a neutral jurisdiction. Arbitrations are often held as one of the best methods of dispute resolution as they are effective, predictable and the parties can tailor the proceedings to their liking. This is especially advantageous when the legal relationship b

Sverige är ett tämligen unikt land när det kommer till den offentliga förvaltningen. Regeringens underlydande myndigheter har lydnadsplikt, samtidigt som myndigheterna ska vara självständiga. Sverige har inget ministerstyre, utan det är regeringen som kollektivt kan ge direktiv till sina myndigheter. Uppsatsen ämne berör i vilken mån regeringen kan använda sig av så kallade informella kontakter, ”Sweden is a rather unique country when it comes to public administration. The government agencies must show obedience towards the government, but the government agencies are at the same time independent from the government. Sweden does not allow ministerial rule, instead the governmet is forced to give directives collectively. The main subject of the essay is to ascertain in what way the governmen

Det pågår en ständig debatt om hur man skall komma till bukt med världssvälten. Lösning efter lösning presenteras, den ena mer tekniskt avancerad än den andra. Dock, att 1,3 miljarder ton mat slängs varje år i världen, vilket motsvarar ungefär en tredjedel av den mat som produceras, tyder på att det finns åtgärder att ta till som kräver varken förädlade grödor eller ett effektivare lantbruk. Det sUnnecessary food waste in Sweden is approximately 1,2 billion kilograms each year and this has consequences for both the environment and resources. The purpose of this project is to investigate if it is possible to reduce the unnecessary food waste, by selling cured meat products to a lower price in supermarkets, after the expired date but at the same time take people’s health into account. Focus