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OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total direct medical costs to society for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and to investigate how different factors, for example diabetic late complications, affect costs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data regarding health care utilization, clinical characteristics and quality of life, were collected at a single time-point. Data on resource use cover the 6-month perio

Popular Abstract in Swedish Inför hjärtkirurgi är bedömning av en patients individuella nytta av och risk vid en hjärtoperation en viktig komponent i utredningen inför operationen. En riskstratifiering innebär att patientens olika riskfaktorer (exempelvis sockersjuka, högt blodtryck, antal tidigare hjärtinfarkter, hjärtfunktion) vägs samman till en sannolikhets-bedömning av risken för en viss händThe aims of this research was to compare different risk score algorithms with regard to their validity to predict 30-day and one-year mortality after open-heart surgery, to evaluate if the preoperative risk stratification model EuroSCORE predicts the different components of resource utilization in cardiac surgery, and to systematically evaluate the accuracy and performance of artificial neural net

The Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES) is a brief child-friendly measure designed to screen children at risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It has good face and construct validity, a stable factor structure, correlates well with other indices of distress, and has been used to screen very large samples of at-risk-children following a wide range of traumatic events. However,

Autoignition in SI engines is an abnormal combustion mode and may lead to engine knock in SI engines. Knock may cause damage and it is a source of noise in engines. It limits the compression ratio of the engine and a low compression ratio means low fuel conversion efficiency of the engine. In this paper a multi zone model based on an existing two zone model Hajireza et al., [1 and 12] and Stenlaas

The transmission of infrared (IR) and visible frequencies through modern energy-saving glass, due to etching of bandpass frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs), is analysed. Energy-saving glass panels employ a very thin layer of metallic oxide on one side of the ordinary glass. Due to the presence of this layer, IR waves are attenuated whereas visible wavelengths can pass through, providing good see-

Background: There is controversy regarding the influence of ketamine and its enantiomers on cerebral haemodynamics at increased intracranial pressure (ICP). This study was designed to compare cerebrovascular responses, with particular respect to ICP, to bolus injections of racemic, S(+)- and R(-)-ketamine in an experimental model of intracranial hypertension. Methods: Nine pigs were anaesthetised

OBJECTIVE: Several studies indicate that in utero exposure to maternal autoimmune diseases and transplacental passage of autoantibodies affect the risk of autoimmunity in the offspring, e. g., maternally derived GAD65 autoantibody correlates with decreased risk of type 1 diabetes, whereas thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb) positivity at birth is associated with increased incidence of autoimmu

The morphologies and proton-transport efficiencies of segmented copoly(arylene ether sulfone) ionomers that contain tetrasulfonated sequences are compared with the corresponding copolymers with disulfonated sequences. Tetrasulfonated 4,4′-bis[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1,1′-biphenyl (sBCPSBP) is synthesized by metalation and sulfination. This new monomer is then used in K2CO3-mediated polycondensat

No consensus treatment regime exists beyond surgery for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST), and the purpose of the present study was to find new approaches to stratify patients with good and poor prognosis and to better guide therapeutic intervention for this aggressive soft tissue cancer. From a total of 67 MPNSTs from Scandinavian patients with and without neurofibromatosis type 1

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are ~22 nucleotide RNAs that inhibit protein synthesis in a sequence-specific manner and are present in a range of species, has born hope of new therapeutic strategies. miRNAs play important roles in development "Development" of what??and disease, but they remain poorly studied in uropathologies beyond cancer. Here, we discuss biologica

Abstract in UndeterminedDuring the last 20 years Lao People's Democratic Republic has successfully developed and adopted some 30 health policies, strategies, decrees and laws in the field of health. Still, the implementation process remains arduous. This article aims at discussing challenges of health policy development and effective implementation by contextualizing the policy evolution over time

Cooling methods are needed for the turbine blade tips to ensure a long durability and safe operation. A common way to cool the tip is to design serpentine passages with 180-deg turn under the blade tip-cap taking advantage of the three-dimensional turning effect and impingement like flow. Improved internal convective cooling is therefore required to increase the blade tip life. In the present stud

Objective: To study the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health, including trust, offence, threat of violence, and violence. Design/setting/participants/measurement: The 2008 Public Health Survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study. A total of 28,198 persons aged 18-80 years responded (55%). Logistic regressions analysed the association between sexual orie

Objectives To investigate, using a Dutch model, whether and under what variables framed for other European countries screening for human papillomavirus (HPV) is preferred over cytology screening for cervical cancer, and to calculate the preferred number of examinations over a woman's lifetime. Design Cost effectiveness analysis based on a Dutch simulation model. Base case analyses investigated the

Objectives In youth sports, musculoskeletal pain is often studied from the standpoint of sports injuries, but little is known about pain conditions in which athletes still participate. The aim was to study the frequency of pain and associations with maturity offset, health status and sports performance in 14-year-old sport school students. Methods Cross-sectional design. One hundred and seventy-ei

Objectives: Successful gestational weight gain (GWG) restriction programs for obese (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) pregnant women, have not, so far, shown convincing effects on infant's weight development. An intervention starting during the pregnancy might be too late and a pre-conceptional life style change may be preferable. Thus, the aim of this study was to follow children born to mothers

Objective: An increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult GH deficiency (GHD) may be related to hypopituitarism but also to the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our objective was to investigate the characteristics and prevalence of MetS as well as its comorbidities in adult GHD. Design: In KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database) 2479 patients with severe adul

Background: Some bees and wasps have evolved nocturnal behavior, presumably to exploit night-flowering plants or avoid predators. Like their day-active relatives, they have apposition compound eyes, a design usually found in diurnal insects. The insensitive optics of apposition eyes are not well suited for nocturnal vision. How well then do nocturnal bees and wasps see? What optical and neural ada