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The efficiency of combustion engines is crucial for their future development, prompting researchers to explore various factors to enhance performance. Among these factors, exhaust gases hold significant potential. Typically, exhaust gases carry about 30-40% of the engine's energy, which often remains underutilized. Although technologies like turbochargers have made progress in recovering some
Target-specific molecular imaging with radiolabeled antibodies has experienced a rapid growth over the past 20 years, and is now an essential tool to provide information on disease presence and extent. Despite all efforts to detect and control prostate cancer at an early stage, a number of men are still progressing to develop incurable metastatic disease. Because of this, development of new method
BACKGROUND: Knowledge regarding characteristics and transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium and antibiotic resistance in N gonorrhoeae in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, is entirely lacking. OBJECTIVES: To characterise N gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis and M genitalium samples from Guinea-Bissau and to define bacterial populations, possible transmission chains
The growing interest in sustainable development indicators (SDI) has resulted in the development and application of various SDI frameworks in the past two decades. Identification and selection of “right” indicators with such frameworks are essential, in the sense that, it is the information from these indicators that will help policy and decision makers to better understand the efficiency, effecti
Med den globala uppvärmningen förutspås klimatet i arktiska och subarktiska miljöer förändras påtagligt. Enligt IPCCs senaste rapport kan både temperatur och nederbörd öka dubbelt så mycket som det globala genomsnittet, och störst ökning väntas under vinterhalvåret. Många känsliga ekosystem och miljöer kommer med stor sannolikhet att påverkas redan vid små förändringar. Ett exempel på sådana miljöThe on-going global warming is projected to have large impacts on the arctic and subarctic environment. Especially vulnerable are ecosystems with narrow climatic envelopes and with small possibilities of adaptation. An example of this is the palsa mires, subarctic mire complexes with patches of permafrost. Palsas are peat mounds with a frozen core, formed by the expansion and upheaval of the segre
The hydropower plant at upper Finsjö is situated in the south-eastern part of Sweden. It is owned and operated by E.ON Vattenkraft Sverige AB. The dams are built in the beginning of the 20th century and regarding the safety of the dams they are in need of repairs. As an alternative, E.ON wants to investigate the possibility of building a new dam further downstream of the existing ones and thus mak
This master thesis was commissioned for the company IAC Group AB in Gothenburg. The factory assembles and delivers instrument panels in sequence to Volvo Car Corporation. The task was to create and implement a maintenance system where all maintenance processes such as preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance can be registered. The purpose was to give the company a deeper knowledge of the
Vaccination to prevent influenza virus infection and to lessen its severity is recommended among healthcare workers (HCWs). Health professionals have a higher risk of exposure to viruses and could transmit the influenza virus to vulnerable patients who are prone to severe disease and mortality. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the levels of influenza vaccine acceptance and uptake as we
OBJECTIVE: To assess the progression of type 1 diabetes using time to peak glucose or C-peptide during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in autoantibody-positive relatives of people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined 2-h OGTTs of participants in the Diabetes Prevention Trial Type 1 (DPT-1) and TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (PTP) studies. We included 706 DPT-1 partic
BACKGROUND: The dual-mobility acetabular cup (DMC) has an additional bearing consisting of a mobile polyethylene component between the prosthetic head and the outer metal shell. This design has gained popularity in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and in primary treatment of femoral neck fractures with the anticipation of a reduced risk of THA instability. Our primary aim was to evaluate the
Background: Topical oestrogen and manual separation are the main treatments for labial adhesions. The aim was to evaluate treatment of labial adhesions and compare the outcome of topical oestrogen treatment with that of manual separation. Method: All girls aged 0-12 years admitted to a tertiary centre for paediatric surgery for labial adhesions were included. The study design was dual: The first p
OBJECTIVE Gastrointestinal adverse effects occur in 20–30% of patients with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes, leading to premature discontinuation in 5–10% of the cases. Gastrointestinal intolerance may reflect localized high concentrations of metformin in the gut. We hypothesized that reduced transport of metformin via the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) and organic cation transport
Renewable diesel fuels have the potential to reduce net CO2 emissions, and simultaneously decrease particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study characterized engine-out PM emissions and PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation potential. Emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine without external aftertreatment devices, and fueled with petroleum diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil
OBJECTIVES: Analyses performed by the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) identified cut-points in several metrics of grip strength for consideration in a definition of sarcopenia. We describe the associations between the SDOC-identified metrics of low grip strength (absolute or standardized to body size/composition); low dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) lean mass as previo
Purpose: To investigate the possibility to be able to offer left sided breast cancer patients, not suitable for DIBH, an organ at risk saving treatment. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients receiving radiotherapy for left breast cancer in DIBH were enrolled in the study. Planning CT scans were acquired in the same supine treatment position in FB and DIBH. 3DCRT_DIBH plans were designed and optim
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction represents an increasing clinical challenge in the treatment of diabetes. We used a panel of vascular imaging, functional assessments, and biomarkers reflecting different disease mechanisms to identify clinically useful markers of risk for cardiovascular (CV) events in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with or without manifest CVD.RESEARCH
Awareness and knowledge about any disease is the first step to prevent and treat it, so this study evaluates osteoporosis awareness and knowledge in university students. Our results showed a high awareness and good knowledge of osteoporosis. Females were better informed than males. Knowledge increased with increasing education level. PURPOSE: Osteoporosis is a worldwide health problem, including S
Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life
Background: Despite the proven efficacy of telestroke in improving clinical outcomes by providing access to specialized expertise and allowing rapid expert hyperacute stroke management and decision-making, detailed operational evidence is scarce, especially for less developed or lower income regions. Aim: We aimed to map the global telestroke landscape and characterize existing networks. Methods:
Background: High-dose haemodiafiltration has been shown, in a randomised clinical trial, to result in a 23% lower risk of mortality for patients with kidney failure when compared with conventional high-flux haemodialysis. Nevertheless, whether treatment effects differ across subgroups, whether a dose–response relationship with convection volume exists, and the effects on cause-specific mortality r
