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Importance: Low academic achievement (AA) in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased substance use. Empirical evidence, using longitudinal epidemiologic data, may provide support for interventions to improve AA as a means to reduce risk of drug abuse (DA). Objective: To clarify the nature of the association between adolescent AA and risk of DA by using instrumental variable and co-r

Importance Limited information exists about the epidemiology, recognition, management, and outcomes of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Objectives To evaluate intensive care unit (ICU) incidence and outcome of ARDS and to assess clinician recognition, ventilation management, and use of adjuncts—for example prone positioning—in routine clinical practice for patients fulf

Background: Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes may have higher subsequent risk of chronic kidney disease, but the long-term independent risks and potential causality are unclear. Objective: This study aimed to determine long-term risks of chronic kidney disease associated with 5 major adverse pregnancy outcomes in a large population-based cohort, and to assess for familial confounding using co-

Importance The Targeted Hypothermia vs Targeted Normothermia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial reported no difference in mortality or poor functional outcome at 6 months after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This predefined exploratory analysis provides more detailed estimation of brain dysfunction for the comparison of the 2 intervention regimens.Objectives To investigate t

Delirium is a serious and common condition in the intensive care unit (ICU), which affects 30-50 % of the patients and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in the context of long-term outcomes. No evidence-based treatment for delirium exists, and currently, delirium is mainly treated pharmacologically with haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic agent. The “Agents Intervening against

Background: The adoption of eHealth accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inequalities in the adoption of eHealth during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported, but there are few such studies among people with impairment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate self-reported use and difficulty in the use of eHealth before the COVID-19 pandemic compared to during late social distancing re

IMPORTANCE: Recent studies suggest standard reference intervals for serum free light chains (FLC) are inaccurate and that this problem can only be partially remedied by using separate reference intervals for individuals with impaired kidney function. This decreases the utility of FLC testing in the clinical evaluation and follow-up of plasma cell disorders, particularly affecting the diagnosis of

Background: One of the challenges of the 21st century is the high turnover rate in the nursing profession due to burnout and mental illness. From a biopsychosocial perspective, an individual's personality is an important vulnerability-resilience factor that comprises four temperament traits (i.e., a person's emotional reactions) and three character traits (i.e., self-regulation systems). Indeed, d

Industrial packaging plays an important role in the performance and environmental efficiency of supplychains. Despite it being so important, the implications that industrial packaging decisions have on thelogistics operations (and vice-versa) are not completely understood. This thesis contributes to theunderstanding of the impacts of sustainable industrial packaging by discussing the importance of

Aim Habitual physical activity (PA) affects metabolism and homeostasis in various tissues and organs. However, detailed knowledge of associations between PA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers is limited. We sought to identify associations between accelerometer-assessed PA classes and 183 proteomic and 154 metabolomic CVD-related biomarkers. Method We utilized cross-sectional data from t

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association between dairy intake and dementia risk remains uncertain, especially for dairy products with varying fat contents. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between high-fat and low-fat dairy intake and dementia risk.METHODS: This study used data from a prospective cohort in Sweden, the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, which consisted of commu

Background: Obstetrical anal sphincter injuries are complications of vaginal birth that have the potential to cause substantial maternal morbidity. Predicting these injuries might help to improve maternal care as well as antenatal counseling and patient education. Previous attempts to create prediction models have in many cases involved variables only known postpartum, which limits their use in an

The shaping of a city and its future relates to official decisions made in city planning meetings, where daily planning matters and decision-making processes adapt to changing societal circumstances. The interest of this research lies in how planning is officially established, managed and practiced in the setting of a Jordanian city, and its local districts. This interest leads the research to obs

Varje år går en tredjedel av all mat som produceras för mänsklig konsumtion till spillo världen över. I Sverige står livsmedelskedjan för en betydande del av landets totala klimatpåverkan. Det onödiga matavfallet, även kallat matsvinn, innebär att miljöpåverkan blir större än vad den hade kunnat vara. Matbanker, som tar tillvara på mat som av olika anledningar inte går att sälja och skänker den tiEach year, a third of all the food produced for human consumption is wasted worldwide. In Sweden, the food chain stands for a significant part of the country's total climate impact. Due to the unnecessary food wastage of food that could have been eaten had it been treated differently, the impact is greater than it could have been. Food banks distribute food from the food chain, that for differ

The aim of this project was to examine if it is feasible to develop and apply a reuse concept regarding clean in place (CIP) processes. The concept is based on different topics such as lim-itation, structure, future and reliability. Three CIP processes were chosen to represent the wide variety of cleaning processes available to the food and pharmaceutical industries, Single use Food, Recovery Food

Modern public transportation systems are required to be more efficient. The efficiency and the quality of the service is based on several aspects, such as availability, frequency, travel speed, reliability and safety. Stop spacing system is a significant part of the public transport service design and it deeply affects its efficiency. In particular, the stop spacing system has consequences on the

To comply with the Paris Agreement and to deal with the threat caused by climate change, the Swedish Parliament has set ambitious targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. For the transport sector, which accounts for 30 % of total GHG emissions, a milestone target is to reduce GHG emission by 70 % by 2030 compared to 2010 (2030 goal). Biofuels is in this respect considered decisive to reach the

Developing a new tool for the study of human brain development “If the human brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn’t” physicist Emerson Pugh once said. Nevertheless, despite its complexity, researchers are trying to figure out one of the human body's most vital organs. Understanding the development of the brain is crucial to understanding how i

Under de senaste åren har trångboddheten minskat i de europeiska länderna, men i Sverige har trångboddheten istället ökat, framförallt i storstäderna. Det finns ett stående problem i det svenska samhället gällande trångboddhet som måste undersökas vidare, och hur dessa boenden påverkar konstruktionen av byggnaderna de bor i. Idag kan inomhusklimatet simuleras i datorprogram som WUFI Plus och IDA-IIn recent years overcrowding has decreased in European countries, but in Sweden overcrowding has increased, especially in the big cities. There is an ongoing problem in Swedish society regarding overcrowding that needs to be further investigated, and how these accommodations affect the design of the buildings they live in. Today, the indoor climate can be simulated in computer programmes such as W

Studying knowledge-intense regional development from the perspective of classified periphery fills an identified gap in analysis and practice. It illustrates challenges, possibilities, and nuances current trajectory of centre-peripheral development. Exploring role and perspective of peripheral areas within regions, and thus marginalized places, can help increase cohesive, instead of fragmented, re