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Distinktionsprincipen är en av de mest fundamentala principerna i internationell humanitär rätt. Distinktionsprincipen grundades i St. Petersburgdeklarationen från 1868 och syftade till att minska det dödliga våldet mot civila i väpnade konflikter. Principen är nu kodifierad i artikel 48, 51(2) och 52(2) i det första tilläggsprotokollet till Genevekonventionen. Det är lättast att utläsa principen The principle of distinction is one of the cardinal principles of international humanitarian law. The principle of distinction originated in the St. Petersburg Declaration in 1868, aiming to limit the civilian casualties in warfare. The principle is now codified in article 48, 51(2), 52(2) of the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Convention. The principle is most prominent in article 48. Th

Equipment installation at MAX IV, a state-of-the-art particle accelerator in Sweden, requires accuracy and precision in the range of micrometers. The measurement technology used is laser tracking, with which the position of a movable reflector is determined, by reflecting the laser beam emitted from a stationary tracker. Data describing the real-time position of the reflector is handled in a softw

The orbital approximation for stellar streams is the assumption that all stars in a stream can be described as following the same orbit. In this thesis, I evaluate this approximation as a method for constraining the potential of the Milky Way. I wrote a program in MATLAB which integrates the orbits of test particles in a potential model which resembles that of the Milky Way's halo and disc. Th

The right to health for persons with disabilities in the global South is far from being realized. The 2011 World Report on Disability suggests that the majority of persons with disabilities live in low- and middle-income countries. Further studies suggest that around 80% of persons with disabilities in global South countries report poor health. With this in mind, this thesis will focus on the righ

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker en direkt aktion mot brännvinsbrännerier som genomfördes i Karlshamn, november 1853. Den arbetande befolkningen i staden var vid denna tid mycket upprörda över det faktum att de lokala brännvinsbrännerierna fick fortsätta att köpa upp och bränna spannmål och potatis, trots den ständigt ökande bristen på livsmedel. Genom att tillämpa den brittiske historiken E.P. ThThis thesis aims to investigate a case of worker’s direct action against distilleries of hard liquor (brännvin) in the southern Swedish town of Karlshamn, November 1853. Many people were angry because the distilleries were allowed to keep on distilling grains and potatoes despite the constantly increasing shortage of basic foodstuffs. By applying English historian E.P. Thompson’s theory of “the mo

The increase of shrub extent in arid and semi-arid environments is reducing the species richness all over the globe. This process of shrub encroachment was found to result from changes in anthropogenic land use, especially from too high or too low grazing intensity. The Great Alvar on the island Öland, Sweden, is a unique grassland ecosystem with a high species richness. Changes in land use patte

This Master's thesis has concerned the segmentation and classification of background textures in images. In order to segment the images we have used the SLIC algorithm to create superpixels. These are a sort of over segmentation of the image where pixels close to each other and similar in colour are considered to be the same texture. All superpixels were then classified using a convolutional n

Title: To make a living by library music; Opportunities and prerequisites. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how a music producer or composer can achieve placement of his or her music in commercials, TV-shows, computer games, and other media. What is required to make a living by composing and producing music today? This is a qualitative study made by interviewing six persons, who all in

This study aims to examine the challenges and practices of staff working at accommodations regulated by the Swedish Act concerning support and service for persons with certain functional impairments (LSS) when working with women with disabilities who have suffered from violence. Previous research shows that women with disabilities are at a greater risk of being victims of violence. Despite this kn

B-uppsatsen i medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap vid institutionen för kommunikation och medier på Lunds Universitet är författad av Klara Franzén och Ella Jonsson. Uppsatsens titel är “Why even have kissing at all in a kids movie? It doesn't make sense for the kids.” och är en kvalitativ studie om hur traditionella värderingar navigeras i en upplevd progressiv värld. Uppsatsen syftar till att

INTRODUCTION: Plasma biomarkers offer promise for improving the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and differentiating AD and other neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) like frontotemporal dementia (FTD) from primary psychiatric disorders (PPDs), particularly in younger patients. METHODS: In this prospective study, we investigated plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217), neurofilament light chain

Helicobacter pylori exists in two different morphological forms, spiral and coccoid. This study demonstrated that both forms can infect BALB/c A mice. The animals were inoculated orally three times at 2-day intervals with 10(8) cfu of both spiral and coccoid forms of strain CCUG 17874 (NCTC 11637), strain 25 and strain 553/93. Infection was followed over a 30-week period by histological scoring of

The objective of the CELLION project is radiation research at low doses. The main cell responses to low dose irradiation are bystander effects, genomic instability and adaptive responses. In order to study these effects it is convenient to make the cells addressable in space and time through locking the cell position. A new alternative dish has been developed for irradiation procedures at the Lund

This report is based on 1.851 adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremities or trunk wall diagnosed between 1986 and 1997 and reported from all tertiary referral centers in Norway and Sweden. The median age at diagnosis was 65 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1. One third of the tumors were subcutaneous, one third deep, intramuscular and one third deep, extramuscular.

Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) dimerizes in the phosphate-bound state in solution with a dissociation constant of K-d = 1.5(+/-0.1) mM and an off-rate on the order of 10(4) s(-1).H-1 and N-15 NMR chemical shifts identify the dimer interface, which is in excellent agreement with that observed in the crystal structure of the dimeric S19A mutant. Two tyrosine residues of

The effect of the simultaneous administration of norepinephrine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the uptake of radiolabelled 5-FU by liver tumours was studied in rats. Three different concentrations of 5-FU were used (15, 1.5 and 0.15 microgram/g body weight). The drugs were infused over a 30 min period via the hepatic artery, following cannulation of the gastroduodenal artery. The radioactivity in li

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) development in different soil types, and the influence of AM fungal hyphae on their original soil were investigated. Plantago lanceolata, which can grow in soils of a very wide pH range, was grown in two closely related limestone soils and an acid soil from rock habitats. Plants were colonised by the indigenous AM fungal community. The use of compartmented systems allow

Energy consumption is today an important design issue for all kinds of digital systems, and essential for the battery operated ones. An important fraction of this energy is dissipated on the processors running the application software. To reduce this energy consumption, one may, for instance, lower the processor clock frequency and supply voltage. This, however, might lead to a performance degrada

Background. Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry is a routine method for fetal surveillance in high-risk pregnancy. Uterine artery Doppler seems to give comparable information, but it can be difficult to interpret as there are two arteries, which might show notching and/or increased pulsatility index (PI) as signs of increased vascular impedance. Combining the information on vascular resistance on