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The use of low emissivity windows degrades radio communication. This paperpresents design, manufacturing and test measurements for an energy savingwindow that is transparent to GSM, GPS and 3G radio wave frequencies.A frequency selective structure (FSS) is used in the metallic coating of thewindow to provide the needed transparency that ranges from 900MHz to2GHz. The periodic pattern used for the
Next generation wireless systems have to be able to efficiently deal with fast fading environments in order to achieve high spectral efficiency. Using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and exploiting receive diversity, their spectral efficiency can be greatly increased. Commonly, the channel is estimated via training symbols, before the data detection is carried out based on the previo
Small scale embedded systems and sensors have become a booming research area over the past few years. One of the primary concerns regarding such systems is small scale and efficient code to facilitate small memory footprint requirements and low power consumption. In the communications sector there has been considerable effort put into reducing the scale of protocol stacks and making them more powe
Grade changes in polyethylene reactors, i.e., changes of operating conditions, are performed on a regular basis to adapt to market demands. In this paper, a dynamic optimization procedure is presented built upon the Modelica language extended with Optimica constructs for formulation of optimization problems. A Modelica library for the Borstar R multistage polyethylene reactors at Borealis AB, cons
The project “Arson - a societal problem” has been running with funding from a number of players since 2008. The project consists of a number of sub-projects and the work presented in this report was conducted within the sub-project: "Technical- and risk-based methods to prevent and mitigate the consequences of arson". The goal and purpose of the project was to develop and evaluate technical system
The environmental problems caused by human interventions, such as the consumption of non-renewable resources and the emission of greenhouse gases are well-recognised. Calls have been made for immediate measures to develop more sustainable society worldwide. Attention has also been devoted to the quest for sustainability within the field of chemistry. The concept of “green chemistry” is being intro
Drönare är obemannade luftfartyg som vanligtvis fjärrstyrs från marken. Från att ursprungligen ha brukats i militär verksamhet har drönare de senaste åren börjat spridas till civila näringsverksamheter, t.ex. inspektion av fastigheter. Genom HFD 2016 ref. 71 I fastställde Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen att kameror monterade på drönare är övervakningskameror, och därför är tillståndspliktiga enligt kDrones are unmanned aerial vehicles that are controlled from the ground. From having been used at first solely for military purposes, they have spread to civil businesses over the last few years, for example to help at property inspections. Through HFD 2016 ref. 71 I it was decided that cameras mounted on drones are considered as surveillance cameras and require permits according to the camera sur
Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att utreda hur en finansiell aktivitetsskatt kan utformas för att verka som ett substitut för mervärdesskatt på finansiella tjänster som enligt 3 kap. 9 och 10 §§ ML är undantagna från mervärdesskatt. För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen kommer det även att utredas vilka snedvridningar som undantagen från mervärdesskatt för finansiella tjänster ger upphov till i merväThe purpose of this essay is to examine how a financial activity tax can be designed to perform as a substitute for VAT on financial services since these services are exempt from VAT in accordance with Chapter 3, paragraphs 9-10 ML. In order to achieve the purpose of the essay, it will also be examined which distortions the exemption from VAT for financial services cause in in the VAT-system. The
Det moderna Lagrådet har utvecklats till vad det är idag primärt sedan början på 1900-talet. Efter grundlagsreformen 2010 trädde en reformerad regeringsform i kraft i januari 2011, vilket innebar en viss förstärkning av Lagrådets ställning. Lagrådet utgör en fundamental del av det konstitutionella rättighetsskyddet i Sverige. En av Lagrådets centrala uppgifter är att granska och lämna yttranden omThe current Council on Legislation has developed into what it is today, primarily since the beginning of the 20th century. Following the constitutional reform 2010, a reformed Instrument of Government entered into force in January 2011, which implied a certain strengthening of the Council's position. The Council on Legislation constitutes a fundamental part of the protection of constitutional
Artificial neural networks (ANN) are used within the medical eld of survival analysis to rank patients according to their risk group. To evaluate how well the ranking was conducted, it is common to obtain the concordance index error (c-index). It has been shown that ANNs can be trained directly on the c-index with the use of genetic algorithms (GA). The GA evolution of an ANN is controlled by a se
Since the mid-20th century, investigations of parameters that affect crowd movement have mainly been performed via video analysis. However, modern alternatives have been used to investigate how a person moves, but only with one person at a time. The purpose of this study is to utilise two different measurement methods in order to collect material that can be investigated in the future, both during
This study examines the cost efficiency of reducing carbon emissions for personal vehicles by changing from petrol to either liquid bio fuels or electric operation. Based on own simulations of fuel consumption, life cycle-emissions and -production costs are derived based on existing knowledge through previous studies. The results are finally presented as ’SEK per reduced ton of CO2’; a unit that e
This thesis presents and tests the convergence rate of the Dirichlet-Neumann algorithm for two Poisson equations coupled by transmission boundary conditions. Three second order discretisation methods are used when analyzing the convergence: standard equidistant finite difference, standard adaptive linear finite element, and standard adaptive finite volume discretisation of Poisson's equation.
