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We have studied the oxidation and reduction of Rh(100) and SiO2 supported Rh particles using high pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We show that the formation and reduction of Rh bulk oxide can be followed in situ in O-2 and CO pressures in the range of 0.1 Torr. In general, the oxidation/reduction processes are similar on Rh(100) and the nanoparticles, but there are significant differenc

Neural interface electrodes that can record from neurons in the brain for long periods of time will be of great importance to unravel how the brain accomplishes its functions. However, current electrodes usually cause significant glia reactions and loss of neurons within the adjacent brain parenchyma. To address this challenge, a novel, polymer-based neural probe, with protrusions tailored to the

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases has been established as an important technique for the generation of coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses at ultrashort time scales. Its main drawback, however, is the low conversion efficiency, setting limits for many applications, such as ultrafast coherent imaging, nonlinear processes in the XUV range, or seeded free electron lasers. Here we in

Objective: Assess the cost effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FORM) Turbuhaler (R) +tiotropium (TIO) HandiHaler (R) vs. placebo (PBO)+TIO in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) eligible for inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta(2)-agonists (ICS/LABA). Methods: The cost-effectiveness analysis was based on the 12-week, randomised, double-blind CLIMB trial. The stud

PdAg nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm have been generated by an aerosol particle method, and supported on a silica substrate. By using a combination of X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy it is shown that the size distribution of the particles is narrow and that the two metals form an alloy with a mixture of 75% Pd and 25% Ag. Under oxidizing conditions,

Objective To assess the impact of the indication for a previous caesarean section on the outcome of a subsequent delivery. Design Population-based cohort study. Setting Sweden. Population Women with two deliveries between 1987 and 2007 identified using the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. Methods The outcome of 69 133 pregnancies after one caesarean section was compared with the outcome of 487 610

Climate change and disasters pose a serious risk to sustainable development. In the South local coping strategies are an important element of adaptation to climate and disaster risk. Such strategies have arisen because of the limited assistance provided by urban actors and associated social security and governance systems. In contrast, in the North local coping strategies are comparatively poorly

Background: The majority of bicarbonate based dialysis fluids are acidified with acetate. Citrate, a well known anticoagulant and antioxidant, has been suggested as a biocompatible alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate short term safety and biocompatibility of a citrate containing acetate-free dialysis fluid. Methods: Twenty four (24) patients on maintenance dialysis three times

Background: Extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) is activated by nerve damage and its activation precedes survival and proliferation of Schwann cells. In contrast, activation of caspase 3, a cysteine protease, is considered as a marker for apoptosis in Schwann cells. In the present study, axonal outgrowth, activation of ERK1/2 by phosphorylation (p-ERK 1/2) and immunoreactivity of cleave

The pattern recognition molecules C-reactive protein (CRP) and C1q are of big interest in relation to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Circulating autoantibodies against CRP and C1q are frequently found in SLE patients with active disease, particularly in lupus nephritis (LN), and rising levels reportedly relate to disease activity and outcome. If CRP-, or dsDNA- and/or C1q-

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in the intestines is an inflammatory condition which activates leukocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Bilberry and chokeberry fruits are rich sources of polyphenols which may act as antioxidants and prevent lipid peroxidation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) may improve microbial status in the intestines and in

Using in situ high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we have followed the oxidation and the reduction of Pd model catalysts in oxygen and CO pressures in the millibar range. The study includes a Pd(100) single crystal as well as SiOx-supported Pd nanoparticles of 15 or 35 nm diameter, respectively. We demonstrate that nanoparticles also form ultrathin surface oxides prior to the onset of

Background In mild asthma exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is usually treated with inhaled short-acting beta(2) agonists (SABAs) on demand. Objective The hypothesis was that a combination of budesonide and formoterol on demand diminishes EIB equally to regular inhalation of budesonide and is more effective than terbutaline inhaled on demand. Methods Sixty-six patients with asthma (>12 ye

BACKGROUND: Knowledge regarding characteristics and transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium and antibiotic resistance in N gonorrhoeae in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, is entirely lacking. OBJECTIVES: To characterise N gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis and M genitalium samples from Guinea-Bissau and to define bacterial populations, possible transmission chains

We present a framework based on object orientation with novel principles for how to store, analyze and integrate electrophysiological data. These principles are: (I) Using a Decorator pattern for storing analysis data in an object model, (II) using a Core Classes data structure for integration through mediation in a service bus architecture, and (III) choosing the single unit as the finest structu

Background and aims: In spite of the fact that pancreatic cancer is a relatively infrequent disease, it ranks 8th in the worldwide ranking of cancer death due to the poor prognosis. The mortality rate is almost as high as the incidence with a M/I ratio of 98%, indicating an extremely dismal clinical course. This makes it imperative to try to develop new therapeutic strategies and to try to identif

The aim of this thesis was to study incidence and case-fatality rate (CFR) of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), by exploring relations to socioeconomic position (SEP), other cardiovascular risk factors, medical seeking pattern and time trends. Data from the Malmö Myocardial Infarction Register (1986-1995; n=5533), the Malmö 1990 cohort (1990-2003; n=69 223), the Malmö P

B vitamins and polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes involved in one-carbon metabolism may affect DNA synthesis and methylation and thereby be implicated in carcinogenesis. Previous data on vitamins B2 and B6 and genetic polymorphisms other than those involving MTHFR as risk factors for gastric cancer (GC) are sparse and inconsistent. In this case-control study nested within the European Prosp