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The evolution of multicellular life has played a pivotal role in shaping biological diversity. However, we know surprisingly little about the natural environmental conditions that favour the formation of multicellular groups. Here we experimentally examine how key environmental factors (predation, nitrogen and water turbulence) combine to influence multicellular group formation in 35 wild unicellu
Ferroelectric hafnium and zirconium oxides have undergone rapid scientific development over the last decade, pushing them to the forefront of ultralow-power electronic systems. Maximizing the potential application in memory devices or supercapacitors of these materials requires a combined effort by the scientific community to address technical limitations, which still hinder their application. Bes
Any ultrafast optical spectroscopy experiment is usually accompanied by the necessary routine of ultrashort-pulse characterization. The majority of pulse characterization approaches solve either a one-dimensional (e.g., via interferometry) or a two-dimensional (e.g., via frequency-resolved measurements) problem. Solution of the two-dimensional pulse-retrieval problem is generally more consistent d
This thesis presents the results of studies focused on effects caused by nano-sized particles using freshwater filter feeder Daphnia magna. I showed that both positively and negatively surface charged PS NPs induced significant mortality in D. magna after a life-time (103 days) of exposure at low concentrations. Previously, it was shown that negatively surface charged PS NPs are acutely not toxic
Ring-shaped superfluids with weak links provide a perfect environment for studying persistent currents and dynamic stirring protocols. Here, we investigate the effects of a weak-link system on dipolar supersolids. By calculating the ground-state energy at fixed angular momenta, we find that metastable persistent currents may exist in the supersolid phase near the superfluid transition point. When
Halide perovskites solar cells are now approaching commercialisation. In this transition from academic research towards industrialisation, standardized testing protocols and reliable dissemination of performance metrics are crucial. In this study, we analyze data from over 16,000 publications in the Perovskite Database to investigate the assumed equality between the integrated external quantum eff
A deeper understanding of the differences between quantum and classical dynamics promises great potential for emerging technologies. Nevertheless, some aspects remain poorly understood, particularly concerning the role of quantum coherence in open quantum systems. On the one hand, coherence leads to entanglement and even nonlocality. On the other, it may lead to a suppression of fluctuations, caus
Billions of nocturnally migrating songbirds fly across oceans and deserts on their annual journeys. Using multisensor data loggers, we show that great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) regularly prolong their otherwise strictly nocturnal flights into daytime when crossing the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert. Unexpectedly, when prolonging their flights, they climbed steeply at dawn,
This study evaluates a clinically applicable lentiviral vector for treatment of Gaucher disease type 1. Hematopoietic stem cells transduced with the vector and transplanted into a mouse model successfully halted or reversed pathology. These data were used as proof-of-concept for regulatory filing enabling the commencement of an international phase 1/2 clinical trial.
Image-based analysis of breast tumour growth rate may help optimize breast cancer screening and diagnosis. It may improve the identification of aggressive tumours and suggest optimal screening intervals. Virtual clinical trial (VCT) is a simulation-based method used to evaluate and optimize medical imaging systems and design clinical trials. Our work is motivated by desire to simulate multiple scr
Aim: Statins lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the exact mechanisms of statins remain unknown. We investigated whether statin therapy associates with epigenetics in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Materials & methods: DNA methylation was analyzed in blood from newly diagnosed T2D patients in All New Diabetics in Scania (ANDIS) and a replication cohort Al
Low-grade inflammation and arterial stiffness are key factors in the development of vascular aging. However, the interplay between arterial stiffness and inflammation for cardiovascular (CV) disease is unclear. Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and the inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and orosomucoid, were measured in 2710 participants (median age: 72 years). These p
OBJECTIVES: To identify variables associated with longitudinal change in meniscal extrusion, which might be used as possible targets for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) prevention. METHODS: In a high-risk population of middle-aged overweight women, meniscal extrusion was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T, coronal proton density, in-plane resolution 0.5 mm2, Sante DICOM Editor) at baseline
The seasonal timing of moult in migratory birds is an adaptation to cope with time constraints in the annual cycle. Kiat and Izhaki analysed moult patterns in Palaearctic passerines and rejected the proposition that seasonally divided moult is an endogenously controlled strategy. Instead, they advocated the view that it occurs due to a flexible and opportunistic timing of moult. In contrast, we ar
Life-long production of blood from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is a process of strict modulation. Intrinsic and extrinsic signals govern fate options like self-renewal – a cardinal feature of HSC. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have an established role in embryonic hematopoiesis, but less is known about its functions in adulthood. Previously, SMAD-mediated BMP signaling has been proven dispe
