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Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3–6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to re
Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that ha
In this letter, we demonstrate low-frequency noise (LFN) characterization of an InAs vertical gate-all-around hafnium-zirconium oxide (HZO) ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET). The LFN characteristics are investigated before and after ferroelectric switching for up to 1000 cycles in the FeFET. The evolution of such cycling reveals distinct differences in the LFN for the two polarization
In Sweden, the pedagogical training of doctoral students varies significantly across universities. While most institutions include at least one mandatory course in higher education teaching and learning, some programs lack this requirement entirely. Whether doctoral students are encouraged or even allowed to take multiple pedagogical courses also varies greatly. This paper explores the benefits ofIn Sweden, the pedagogical training of doctoral students varies significantly across universities. While most institutions include at least one mandatory course in higher education teaching and learning, some programs lack this requirement entirely. Whether doctoral students are encouraged or even allowed to take multiple pedagogical courses also varies greatly. This paper explores the benefits of
This chapter outlines the opportunities and current developments of label-free separation of circulating tumor cell (CTC) from blood cells using acoustophoresis. It describes two platforms that have been developed to enable subsequent evaluation of acoustophoresis in clinical settings. All nucleated cells in suspension flow along a microchannel wherein the cells are exposed to an acoustic field. T
The interactions between aerosols and clouds are still one of the largest sources of uncertainty in quantifying anthropogenic radiative forcing. To reduce this uncertainty, we must first determine the baseline natural aerosol loading for different environments. In the pristine and hardly accessible polar regions, the exact nature of local aerosol sources remains poorly understood. It is unclear ho
High-speed vertical In–Ga–As nanowire MOS field-effect transistor (MOSFET) measurements were analyzed through parametric layout models. Measurements from small and large transistors were used to fit dependencies on the number of gate fingers and the number of wires per finger. Extrapolations via intrinsic and parasitic elements reveal the optimal layout for peak frequency performance. To achieve a
Introduction: Ambient air pollution and road traffic noise are stroke risk factors, but evidence on their potential joint effects remains limited. This study investigated the independent and joint associations of air pollution and road traffic noise on stroke incidence using both multiplicative and additive scales. Methods: We followed stroke incidence in ten cohorts in Sweden, Denmark, and Finlan
AI cancer detection models require calibration to attain the desired balance between cancer detection rate (CDR) and false positive rate. In this study, we simulate the impact of six types of mismatches between the calibration population and the clinical target population, by creating purposefully non-representative datasets to calibrate AI for clinical settings. Mismatching the acquisition year b
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen behandlar kapacitet i cirkulationsplatser. Kapaciteten för ett körfält i en tillfart kan beräknas med teorin för kritiska tidsavstånd. Denna bygger på interaktioner mellan fordon med företräde (överordnade fordon) och fordon som skall lämna företräde (underordnade fordon). Det kritiska tidsavståndet är det minsta tidsavstånd mellan två överordnade fordon soProblem: The thesis deals with the capacity of two-lane roundabouts and with vehicle-vehicle interactions there. Method: The interactions and the corresponding capacity are modelled by gap-acceptance theory. Various components of this theory are discussed, models for headways in the multi-lane case and for the estimation of critical gaps for the two major streams being developed and being applied
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is an uncommon cause of infective endocarditis (IE) and mainly affects persons with compromised immune-systems who have been in contact with dogs. We describe a case of C. canimorsus tricuspid valve IE in a 70 year-old dog-owner where diagnosis and treatment were delayed. The reason for the delayed diagnosis in this case was likely due to that initial blood cultures were
Förekomst av kända riskfaktorer eller tecken på opioidberoende hos patienter med långvarig opioidbehandling på grund av kronisk smärta.
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney failure, which increases globally and represents a significant threat to public health. People from the Middle East represent one of the largest immigrant groups in Europe today. Despite poor glucose regulation and high risk for early-onset insulin-deficient type 2 diabetes, they have better kidney function and lower rates
BackgroundPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common cardiovascular autonomic disorder characterized by excessive heart rate increase on standing and symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, posing significant limitations on functional capacity. No objective tool exists to classify symptom burden in POTS.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study in 62 POTS patients and 50 healthy cont
CONTEXT: Vitamin D (Vit-D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are the major calciotropic hormones involved in the regulation of blood calcium levels from the intestine, kidney, and bone through a tight endocrine feedback loop system. Altered levels of calcium itself or through the effect of its regulatory hormones could affect blood pressure (BP), but the exact mec
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promising therapeutic potential in several clinical applications, mainly due to their paracrine activity. The implementation of future secretome-based therapeutic strategies requires the use of easily accessible MSCs sources that provide high numbers of cells with homogenous characteristics. MSCs obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMSCs) have been put
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Current glaucoma medications work by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), a risk factor for glaucoma, but most treatments do not directly target the pathological changes leading to increased IOP, which can manifest as medication resistance as disease progresses. To identify physiological modulators of IOP, we performed genome- and exome-wide association an
Background: The association between protein intake and prostate cancer risk remains unclear. Aims: To prospectively investigate the associations of dietary intakes of total protein, protein from different dietary sources, and amino acids with prostate cancer risk and mortality. Methods: In 131,425 men from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, protein and amino acid int
Opioid use disorders (OUD) is a relapsing condition with high mortality. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) reduces heroin use, and overall morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders, potential baseline predictors for psychiatric hospitalization, and psychiatric diagnoses at follow-up were investigated and may give hints about possible preventative strategie
