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Objective: Female childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of several late effects, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The objective is to study if POI is associated with risk of MetS and increased cardiovascular risk in CSS. Design: A cross-sectional study with a median time since the cancer diagnosis of 25 (12-41) years. Patients and controls were re

Background: Previous studies have investigated [18F]-fluorocholine (FCH) positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) in primary staging of men with intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer and have generally shown high specificity and poor sensitivity. FCH PET/CT is not recommended for the primary staging of metastases in the European guidelines for prostate cancer. However, it

Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone and prednisolone, are widely used in cancer treatment. Different hematological malignancies respond differently to this treatment which, as could be expected, correlates with treatment outcome. In this study, we have used a glucocorticoid-induced gene signature to develop a deep learning model that can predict dexamethasone sensitivity. By combining gene expr

AIMS: There are few cohorts of type 1 diabetes that follow individuals over more than half a century in terms of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine associations between type 1 diabetes, diagnosed before age 18, and long-term morbidity and mortality, and to investigate whether cognitive ability plays a role in long-term morbidity and mortality risk.METHODS: In a Swedish cohort, 1

Objective: To compare mortality risk over up to 14 years of follow-up in methotrexate-refractory patients with early RA randomized to a strategy starting with addition of infliximab vs addition of SSZ and HCQ. Methods: Data was from the two-arm, parallel, randomized, active-controlled, open-label Swefot trial in which patients with early RA (symptom duration <1 y) were recruited from 15 rheumatolo

Background: Prophylactic lightweight mesh in the sublay position reduced the cumulative incidence of parastomal hernia (PSH) after cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion in a randomised controlled trial.Objective: To investigate whether the use of prophylactic mesh is cost-effective in comparison to no mesh from the health care provider perspective.Design setting and participants: Data on health

The complex genetic architecture of type-2-diabetes (T2D) includes gene-by-environment (G×E) and gene-by-gene (G×G) interactions. To identify G×E and G×G, we screened markers for patterns indicative of interactions (relationship loci [rQTL] and variance heterogeneity loci [vQTL]). rQTL exist when the correlation between multiple traits varies by genotype and vQTL occur when the variance of a trait

PURPOSE: Exercise during chemotherapy has beneficial long-term effects on women with breast cancer, but short-term beneficial changes have been less investigated. Though short-term changes may be important as a encouraging factor, this study aimed to investigate immediate changes in self-reported energy, stress, nausea and pain following a single exercise session during chemotherapy.METHODS: Forty

This thesis covers three contributions in applications of neural networks. The first is related to diversity and ensemble learning, while the other two cover novel applications of the self-attention mechanism. An important aspect of training a neural network is the choice of objective function. Regression via Classification (RvC) is often used to tackle problems in deep learning where the target vThis thesis covers three contributions in applications of neural networks. The first is related to diversity and ensemble learning, while the other two cover novel applications of the self-attention mechanism. An important aspect of training a neural network is the choice of objective function. Regression via Classification (RvC) is often used to tackle problems in deep learning where the target v

Worldwide, racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 with increased risk of infection, its related complications, and death. In the initial phase of population-based vaccination in the United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K.), vaccine hesitancy may result in differences in uptake. We performed a cohort study among U.S. and U.K. participants who volunteere

Hemodynamic force analysis has been proposed as a novel tool for early detection of subclinical systolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Here we investigated the ability of hemodynamic forces to discriminate between healthy subjects and heart failure patients with varying degrees of systolic dysfunction. We studied 34 controls, 16 HFpEF patients, and 25 heart

B cells interact with T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in germinal centers (GCs) to generate high-affinity antibodies. Much less is known about how cognate T–B-cell interactions influence Th cells that enter circulation and peripheral tissues. Therefore, we generated mice lacking MHC-II expressing B cells and, by thoracic duct cannulation, analyzed Th cells in the efferent lymph at defined interval

Chronic inflammation is an HIV infection feature, contributing to elevated risk of cardiovascular disease among people with HIV, which can be induced by viral replication. A proportion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) recipients fail to achieve viral suppression, despite not meeting criteria for treatment failure, so-called low-level viremia (LLV). We investigated the relationship between LLV and a

How people wake up and regain alertness in the hours after sleep is related to how they are sleeping, eating, and exercising. Here, in a prospective longitudinal study of 833 twins and genetically unrelated adults, we demonstrate that how effectively an individual awakens in the hours following sleep is not associated with their genetics, but instead, four independent factors: sleep quantity/quali

We study resonant two-photon ionization of helium atoms via the 1s3p, 1s4p and 1s5p1P1 states using the 15th harmonic of a titanium-sapphire laser for the excitation and a weak fraction of the laser field for the ionization. The phase of the photoelectron wavepackets is measured by an attosecond interferometric technique, using the 17th harmonic. We perform experiments with angular resolution usin

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. We aimed to estimate the association between sociodemographic factors and cervical neoplasia. Material and methods: In this Swedish nationwide open cohort study, 4 120 557 women aged ≥15 years at baseline were included between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2018. The two outcomes were cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ

Background and ObjectivesTo examine whether high white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden is associated with greater stroke severity and worse functional outcomes in lesion pattern-specific ways.MethodsMR neuroimaging and NIH Stroke Scale data at index stroke and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3-6 months after stroke were obtained from the MRI-Genetics Interface Exploration study of pati

Time to AIDS in HIV-2 infection is approximately twice as long compared to in HIV-1 infection. Despite reduced viremia, HIV-2-infected individuals display signs of chronic immune activation. In HIV-1-infected individuals, B-cell hyperactivation is driven by continuous antigen exposure. However, the contribution of viremia to B-cell perturbations in HIV-2-infected individuals remains largely unexpl

Objective: Characterise the spatiotemporal trabecular and cortical bone responses to complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in young rats. Methods: 8-week-old male Wistar rats received T9-transection SCI and were euthanised 2-, 6-, 10-or 16-weeks post-surgery. Outcome measures were assessed using micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, serum markers and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. R

Direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neurons offers a promising strategy for studying neurological disorders and developing cell-based therapies. This protocol describes the 3D direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into dopaminergic neurons. It includes spheroid formation, lentiviral transduction, neuronal induction using doxycycline, and validation via gene expression and imm