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Nearly 40 % of individuals will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime, translating to an estimated 20 million new cases annually. Despite remarkable therapeutic advances, only 15–20 % of patients achieve durable responses to immunotherapy, and the high cost of treatment (illustrated by immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab, totaling roughly $191,000 per year) remains a

Post-compression of (sub)-picosecond laser pulses down to sub-100 fs durations has become a standard approach for high-peak-power sources at a high average power [1]. Here, we propose a new post-compression geometry suited for extreme temporal compression of energetic narrowband lasers, such as diode or electrically pumped four-level systems which can deliver kW-average powers [2], but typically e

Abstract: The breast cancer long-term survival rate has improved; early detection of local recurrence and second primary cancers has been crucial to this success. Mammography is the standard imaging technique for follow-up, but its sensitivity is affected by breast density and post-treatment changes. This article discusses the role of mammography in the follow-up of women after breast cancer treat

Aim: Periodontitis proxy variables enable an expansion of periodontal research. The study aimed to estimate the validity of questionnaire items and registry data in relation to Stage III–IV periodontitis and having 50% bone loss. Methods: Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) participants (995) filled out questionnaires and underwent periodontal and panoramic radiography examinations. The questionna

Epithelial tissue fusion requires coordinated molecular events at the ends of two epithelial structures. Regulatory mechanisms controlling these events remain largely elusive. In the Drosophila reproductive system (RS), this fusion unites the gonad and the genital disc-derived tissues, into a continuous tube. This study unveils the pivotal role of Hamlet (Ham), a Drosophila PR domain containing

Background: Islet autoantibodies form the foundation for type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis and staging, but heterogeneity exists in T1D development and presentation. We hypothesized that autoantibodies can identify heterogeneity before, at, and after T1D diagnosis, and in response to disease-modifying therapies. Methods: We systematically reviewed PubMed and EMBASE databases (6/14/2022) assessing 10

Background: The objective of this systematic review is to identify prognostic factors among women and their offspring affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), focusing on endpoints of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) for women, and cardiometabolic profile for offspring. Methods: This review included studies published in English language from January 1st, 1990, through

Background: Gaming disorder is a recently recognized psychiatric condition and a growing public health concern, particularly among adolescents. Despite this, there is limited research on what kind of treatment they need. Existing studies are mostly quantitative and offer limited insight into adolescents' lived experiences.Aim: The aim of this qualitative study is to explore how adolescent patientsBackground: Gaming disorder is a recently recognized psychiatric condition and a growing public health concern, particularly among adolescents. Despite this, there is limited research on what kind of treatment they need. Existing studies are mostly quantitative and offer limited insight into adolescents’ lived experiences. Aim: The aim of this qualitative study is to explore how adolescent patient

Background: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most potent ligand to the androgen receptor, is synthesised from testosterone (T) by 5α-reductase type 1 and 2. While type 1 is expressed in several non-reproductive tissues in both sexes, men also express high levels of the high-affinity type 2 isoform in reproductive tissues; yet women have a higher circulating DHT to T (DHT/T) ratio than men. We hypoth

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-ba

Cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is aimed to replace the degenerated midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons and restore DA neurotransmission in the denervated forebrain targets. A limitation of the intrastriatal grafting approach, which is currently used in clinical trials, is that the mDA neurons are implanted into the target area, in most cases the putamen, and not in the ventral midbrain wher

The gut microbiota has been associated with many diseases, including endometriosis. However, very few studies have been conducted on this topic in human. This study aimed to investigate the association between endometriosis and gut microbiota. Women with endometriosis (N=66) were identified at the Department of Gynaecology and each patient was matched with three controls (N=198) from the general p

Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects over six million people worldwide and is characterised by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra, accumulation of pathological alpha-synuclein (αSyn), and inflammation in the brain. This leads to motor impairments including rigidity, akinesia, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability. Cell replacement therapy aims to

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a renewable and available source of cells useful for understanding development, developing disease models, and stem-cell therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD). To assess the utility of stem cell cultures as an in vitro model system of human DA neurogenesis, we performed high-throughput transcriptional profiling

Is the oncogene MYC upregulated or hyperactive? In the majority of human cancers, finding agents that target c-MYC has proved difficult. Here we report specific bacterial effector molecules that inhibit cellular MYC (c-MYC) in human cells. We show that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) degrade the c-MYC protein and attenuate MYC expression in both human cells and animal tissues. c-MYC protein

The development of social media challenges the established conceptualizations of resources in social movements. While previous theories largely illustrated social movements as constantly searching for new and more resources, the development of social media has allowed some actors to gather and mobilize extensive resources rapidly, calling for an analysis of resource abundance. The aim of this arti

BACKGROUND: The general population is ubiquitously exposed to the toxic metal cadmium through the diet and smoking. Cadmium exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerosis is the main underlying mechanism of myocardial infarction. However, associations between cadmium and coronary artery atherosclerosis have not been examined. OBJE

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative human pathogen that causes infections mainly in the upper and lower respiratory tract. The bacterium is associated with bronchitis and exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and frequently causes acute otitis media in preschool children. We have previously demonstrated that the binding of C4b bindi