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Most clinical studies use conventional methods for survival analysis and calculate the risk of the event of interest, however, it is important to understand that the study population is also at risk of competing events, for example death from other causes. Moreover, the risk of competing events may be dependent on the participants' characteristics. Whether competing risks are taken into account or

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and currently lacks effective therapy enabling long-term functional recovery. Ischemic brain injury causes local inflammation, which involves both activated resident microglia and infiltrating immune cells, including monocytes. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) exhibit a high degree of functional plasticity. Here, we determined the role of MDMs in longterm

BACKGROUND:: While increased mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well established there is conflicting evidence on the association between osteoarthritis (OA) and mortality. Our aim was to estimate all-cause mortality in Swedish patients with RA and OA compared with the general population. METHODS:: Cohort study of the population of Skåne region, Sweden (1.3 million), based on physicians’ di

Popular Abstract in English This work is focused on two accident types: accidents between motorized vehicles and pedestrians, and accidents between motorized vehicles and bicyclists. It aims at better understanding how the number of accidents is related to the number of road users; and how the speed at the site and age of the victim is related to how severe the injuries are. The work relies on sevThe aims of this work are to better understand (1) the relation between exposure and the risk of an accident between pedestrians and motorized vehicles and between bicyclists and motorized vehicles occurring at urban intersections and (2) how the speed environment and the victim´s age relate to the injury severity/outcome once a pedestrian or a bicyclist has been struck by a motorized vehicle. Cro

Popular Abstract in Swedish Att få inopererat en höft- eller knäprotes är numera ett vanligt ingrepp. Under 80-talet visade svenska och utländska studier att 10-15% av de patienter som genomgick en sådan höftoperation drabbades av försämrad njurfunktion efter operationen. Denna försämring var övergående men kunde vara allvarlig för patienten, och kostsam för sjukvården, under den tid den kvarstod.Total hip replacement (THR) is a common procedure, generally performed in elderly persons. Previous studies indicated that the use of isoxazolyl penicillins could induce a transient post-operative renal dysfunction in these patients. By measuring urinary levels of markers for glomerular (albumin, IgG) and tubular (protein HC) function we studied the influence of systemic cloxacillin, the gentamic

Popular Abstract in English The Andean region and the Amazon Basin of South America have been identified as regions of origin and the domestication of many plants. Some of the food crops from these regions such as potato and cassava, have gained global import¬ance, while the majority of food crops are hardly know outside their present area of cultivation. In the first part of this study, underutiBoth the nutritional and functional properties of starch are directly influenced by the molecular structure of its polymers: amylose and amylopectin. It is therefore important to have reproducible methods for quantifying the molecular size. In the first part of the thesis, the composition, crystallinity, degree of branching, morphological, thermal and pasting properties, and susceptibility of the

The physicochemical properties of two root suspensions, parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), were studied and compared at different concentrations and after being subjected to processes such as homogenization and heating. The study and the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of these plant materials in the form of pastes might help to increase the interest in t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Cerebral pares (CP) drabbar drygt 2 barn per 1000 födda och är den vanligaste orsaken till rörelsehinder hos barn och ungdomar. På latin betyder CP "förlamning från hjärnan" och är ett samlingsnamn för ett följdtillstånd efter en skada i den omogna hjärnan under dess utveckling från fosterstadiet t o m 2-års ålder. Skadan är av engångskaraktär men de olika symtomen föräCerebral palsy (CP) is a term for a group of conditions associated with motor disabilities, that are very heterogeneous, i.e. symptoms, severity, associated impairments, functional outcome and needs. The overall purpose of this thesis was to study the prevalence and gross motor function and to evaluate and adapt measurements in children with CP. The prevalence in Southern Sweden was 2.4 per 1000 c

Accumulating evidence shows that immune cells play an important role in atherosclerosis. Most attention has focused on the role of different T cell subsets, whereas the possible involvement of B cells has been less studied. In this study, we assessed the association of 2 different B cell subsets, CD19(+)CD40(+) and CD19(+)CD86(+) B cells, with risk for development of acute cardiovascular events.

Mutations in the CFTR gene result in impaired host defense during cystic fibrosis (CF), where Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes a key pathogen. We investigated the expression pattern of the antibacterial growth factor midkine in CF and possible interference with its activity by the altered airway microenvironment. High midkine expression was found in CF lung tissue compared with controls, involving e

AIMS: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent co-morbidity in heart failure (HF) associated with increased mortality, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying AF onset in HF patients. We evaluated the association of cardiovascular and genetic risk factors with AF in HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Individuals hospitalized for HF (n = 1040; 500 with AF) were identified from a large, pop

Protein molecules are responsible for many biological functions in cells. In order to fulfill their various biological roles, these chain-like molecules must fold into precise three-dimensional shapes. The knowledge of accurate molecular structures is a prerequisite for rational drug design and for structure based functional studies. Getting structural information of proteins can be a very difficu

Popular Abstract in Swedish Beräkningar från Cancerfonden visar på att ungefär var tredje person i Sverige kommer att få en cancerdiagnos under sin livstid. Cancerceller är celler som har utvecklat speciella förmågor som gör att de har börjat dela sig ohämmat. Denna ohämmade celldelning leder till bildandet av en tumör och när tumören har nått ett visst stadie i sin utveckling så börjar den spridaAs a cancer grows it will, at a certain stage of disease progression, start spreading in the body. For several types of cancer this spreading will first occur through the lymphatic system and the first place where metastatic cell will be encountered is the first lymph node that drains the area where the tumor is located. This lymph node is defined as the sentinel lymph node (SLN). By analyzing the

Popular Abstract in Undetermined http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4331039/file/4333215.pdfThis dissertation deals with the electron-photon interplay in hybrid circuit QED structures. The aim is to provide a framework in which this interplay can be understood and to predict experimentally measurable transport effects. In addition an application of this interplay is proposed. The thesis is based on four paper listed below: Article I comprises an investigation of the transport-induced p

Popular Abstract in English Blood, a deep red fluid, circulates in vessels throughout our body. It consists of two main components, a liquid part and a cell part. The liquid portion, which is also called ‘plasma’, takes a main function in transporting water, nutrients, and immune substances. The cell components, which are suspended in the plasma, consist of three main cell types including platelet

Asthma and allergies are common diseases in adolescents and have increased during the last few decades. All elite level sports activities result in increased risk of asthma and rhinitis regardless of sport practised. Physical activity is at the same time regarded as a health-promoting factor and is recommended both for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to explore

sing an integrative approach in which genetic variation, gene expression, and clinical phenotypes are assessed in relevant tissues may help functionally characterize the contribution of genetics to disease susceptibility. We sought to identify genetic variation influencing skeletal muscle gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci [eQTLs]) as well as expression associated with measures of

To extend understanding of the genetic architecture and molecular basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we conducted a meta-analysis of genetic variants on the Metabochip, including 34,840 cases and 114,981 controls, overwhelmingly of European descent. We identified ten previously unreported T2D susceptibility loci, including two showing sex-differentiated association. Genomewide analyses of these data

Popular Abstract in English At the beginning of 20th century, scientists started to realize that atoms exhibited the discrete behaviour, e.g. the energies of bond electrons were not continuously distributed, but had discrete values. Light is also transmitted as discrete packages (called photons). These phenomena can not be explained by classical physics, which has been accepted as the law of descrThe work presented in this thesis was concerned with investigating the relevant spectroscopic properties of Ce ions randomly doped in an Y2SiO5 crystal at low temperatures (around 4 K), in order to develop a technique and an experimental set-up to detect the fluorescence photons emitted by a single Ce ion. The aim of the work was to determine whether a single Ce ion (referred to as the readout ion