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Metabolic modelling coupled with flux-balance analysis (FBA) has become a popular tool in systems biology for quantitative predictions of metabolic processes in silico, and as an aid in metabolic engineering. Drawing upon gene-protein-reaction associations deducible from information on the genome-level, so-called genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are unequalled in their scope as they attempt to
Due to a warming climate, tundra ecosystems are subject to shrub and treeline expansions which could lead to increased above- but decreased belowground carbon (C) stocks. An observed low soil C stock in some subarctic forests and tall shrublands has been suggested to be induced by priming of organic matter decomposition, possibly mediated by ectomycorrhizal fungi. On the other hand, the higher bel
Uppsatsen behandlar gällande rätt avseende drog- och alkoholtester och arbetstagares integritet i svensk arbetsrätt samt lagförslaget om integritetsskydd i arbetslivet vari tillåtligheten av drog- och alkoholtester regleras särskilt. Tillåtligheten av drog- och alkoholtester och arbetstagares anställningsskydd och integritet analyseras även utifrån teorin om normativa grundmönster och Det marknads
This study concerns the conflict in Liberia and the following peace process. Liberia states a good example for a case where the UN resolution 1325 (2000) has been implemented in the peace process. This essay seeks to investigate how the UN resolution 1325 has taken a part in the post-conflict politics too. The main purpose is to screen how Liberias first president after the conflict, Ellen Johnson
Swedish law only permits termination due to breach of contract when the committed breach is fundamental. To assess the fundamentality of a breach of contract is no easy mission. The main purpose of this study is to clarify the legal meaning of the concept of fundamental breach as a prerequisite in Swedish law for terminating a commercial contract. This study thoroughly focuses on the assessments o
BDSM är en grupp erotiska tekniker som blivit allt mer uppmärksammade de senaste åren, ur juridiskt perspektiv genom ett antal friande våldtäktsdomar. I målen har den tilltalades övertygelse om att våldet tillämpades i en sexuell kontext inom ramen för ett frivilligt rollspel resulterat i en friande utgång på grund av uppsåtsbrist. Detta trots att domstolen konstaterat att det inte förelegat giltiBDSM is a variety of erotic practices that has received increased attention in recent years, in a legal context mainly through a number of rape trials where the accused was found not-guilty. In the cases, the accused's conviction that the violence was applied in a sexual context within a voluntary role-play resulted in a verdict of not guilty, this despite the fact that the court found that th
Syftet med följande studie är att granska hur svensk lagstiftning hanterar nya former av integritetskränkningar som följer av den tekniska utvecklingen. Utredningen tar sikte på bestämmelsen BrB 4 kap. 6a§ om kränkande fotografering och undersöker huruvida dess syfte att skydda individers personliga integritet uppfylls. Begreppet integritet är omdiskuterat och svårdefinierat. För att möjliggöra enThe purpose of the following essay is to examine how the law handles new forms of integrity violations caused by the technological evolution. The study concentrates on Chapter 4, Section 6a, of the Swedish Penal Code concerning indecent photography. Therefore, the intension is to assess whether the regulation fulfills its purpose; to preserve privacy. The term privacy is considered difficult to de
This essay aims to investigate which tools Swedish planners can use to create social mixing in newly built urban districts and how the current housing policy in Sweden affects the possibilities to do so. Two examples of urban district projects, Frihamnen in Gothenburg and Vallastaden in Linköping, are used to present different ways of planning for social mixing. The research questions are: - Whi
Omedelbart efter terrorattacken den 11 september 2001 anslöt sig Tyskland till det internationella kriget mot terrorismen. Efter att först ha deltagit i interventionen i Afghanistan har Tyskland i respons på den ökade hotbilden i Europa successivt förflyttat stridsfältet till det egna territoriet. Terrorbrottslagen 2001 markerade starten på en serie långtgående säkerhetsreformer, som har resulteraImmediately after the terror attack on September 11 2001, Germany joined the international “war on terror”. Over the years, the battlefield has successively moved to the national arena, with the terror crime reform in 2001 marking the starting point for the introduction of a series of new, extensive security policies by the German state, leading to a polarization between efficient law enforcement
Human rights are the basis by which the dignity of the human being is guaranteed. This is especially important in the relationship between persons and governments, who on the one hand have great power in form of legislation over these persons, but on the other hand must ensure the protection of human rights. A problem may arise when these two opposing forces of the State collide,1 as the individua
This paper examins attitudes towards harm reduction within focus on supervised injection site measures in Sweden. Through investigating the senitments of current social work students at Lund University, the paper concludes that despite the countries overall effort to combat substance abuse, the coming generation of social workes is largely positive to public supervised injection centers. The stud
The purpose of this essay is to examine how two nonfiction books for children in the category sexual education from Sweden portrays gender and sexuality. Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis is the method of choice, where the nonfiction books are seen as part of a discourse in which language is not neutral. The analysis is based on Judith Butler’s theories on the heterosexual matrix and
För att en person ska kunna straffas för våldtäkt enligt svensk rätt krävs det att denne har haft uppsåt till gärningen. Det innebär att personen måste ha varit medveten om alla de omständigheter som medfört att gärningen är att betrakta som en våldtäkt, exempelvis att den utsatte sov eller tvingades till de sexuella handlingarna. Detta krav på uppsåt har i ett flertal fall, där den tilltalade friIn order to be convicted for rape under Swedish criminal law, the defendant must have had an intent to commit the crime. This means that the defendant must have been aware of all the circumstances that objectively make it a rape, for example that the victim slept or were forced to the sexual act. This requirement of intent has in several cases, where the defendant has been acquitted based solely o
Ämnet för denna uppsats är regleringen i 6 kap. 13 § BrB, som föreskriver att även den som inte insåg men hade skälig anledning att anta att ett barn är underårigt ska dömas till ansvar. Ansvar för sexualbrott förutsätter som huvudregel att en gärningsperson har uppsåt i förhållande till att ett barn är underårigt men 6 kap. 13 § BrB utgör således ett undantag härtill. Bestämmelsen syftar dels tilThe subject of this essay is the regulation in Chapter 6, 13th article of the BrB, which stipulates that even those who did not realise, but had reasonable reason to assume that a child is minor age, shall be sentenced to liability. The responsibility for sexual offences generally requires that the offender is intentional in relation to the fact that a child is underage, but Chapter 6, 13th articl
Kinas roll som en ekonomisk aktör har växt under de senaste årtiondena och som följd åtnjuter landet visst inflytande. Vi utför en fallstudie om Kinas investeringar i Zambias kopparindustri, eftersom Kina investerar synnerligen mycket i Zambia och har sedan år 1998 varit särskilt närvarande i kopparindustrin i landet. År 2011 släppte Human Rights Watch en rapport som fick internationell uppmärksam
The phenomenon of gender-based violence (GBV) and the magnitude it takes in Argentina is raising great concerns within the country, intergovernmental organisations and women’s movements. Since 2015 a women’s movement named Ni Una Menos was established to create visibility and fight for the eradication of gender-based violence in the country. Building upon the Integrative Ecological Framework, usin
År 2005 vidgades kapitalskyddsreglerna i Aktiebolagslagen med syftet att omfatta fler situationer. Bland annat fick de förtäckta värdeöverföringarna sin egna legaldefinition, en definition som i efterhand har insetts vara onödigt svårtolkad. Denna uppsats handlar om de förtäckta värdeöverföringarna och dess begreppsdefinitions tolkningssvårigheter. Den förtäckta värdeöverföringen definieras efter In 2005, the swedish capital protection rules were expanded in the purpose to cover more situations. Among other things, the disguised value transfers got their own legal definition, a definition that has subsequently been realized to be relatively difficult to interpret. This essay deals with the disguised value transfers and the interpretation difficulties of its conceptual definition. The disgu
Den samiska ursprungsbefolkningens traditionella territorium breder ut sig över delar av Sverige, Norge, Finland och Ryssland. Samisk kultur är starkt kopplad till rennäringen, som kräver vidsträckta och sammanhängande marker där renen ostörd kan få tillgång till naturbete. Den här uppsatsen undersöker nuvarande möjligheter för samer i Sverige att påverka beslutsprocesser rörande användning av marThe traditional territory of the indigenous Sami people stretches into Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia. Sami culture is strongly connected to reindeer husbandry, which requires vast and coherent land where the reindeer can access natural pasture without disturbances. This thesis examines present possibilities for Sami in Sweden to impact decision-making processes regarding use of land and natur
Att vara ett offer för människohandel (trafficking) genom prostitution eller annan sexuell exploatering innebär att offret utsätts för uppenbara kränkningar av sina mänskliga rättigheter i form av våldtäkt, fysiskt våld, tvångsprostitution och sexuellt slavarbete. Efter att ha undkommit sin fångenskap är offret i stort behov av socialt och medicinskt stöd. Utöver detta kan det finnas ett stort behBeing a victim of trafficking for sexual purposes could mean being subject to the most flagrant human rights violations there is, such as forced prostitution, rape, physical violence and sexual enslavement. After escaping captivity, the victim needs both social and medical assistance. Additionally, a victim could have a strong desire to reside in the country where the exploitation has taken place
Today, investors look for more than just the potential return a company can bring when making investment decisions. An increased demand to invest sustainably has created a demand for investors to screen companies via ESG scores. In this thesis, we therefore aim to examine if Bloomberg’s ESG disclosure scores can be used as screening tools and proxies for the most common risk and return measures, v
