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The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with its extensive forest cover is the biggest target country for the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism in Africa. Despite high levels of gender inequality in rural DRC, the impacts of REDD+ interventions on gender have not been sufficiently addressed. This study examines the gender dimension at two project sites i
Increased growth in early childhood has been suggested to increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. This study explored the relationship between weight or height and development of persistent islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes during the first 4 years of life in 7,468 children at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. Growth data collecte
Oxyanion holes play a major role in catalyzing enzymatic reactions, yet the corresponding energetics is frequently misunderstood. The main problem may be associated with the nontrivial nature of the electrostatic preorganization effect, without following the relevant formulation. That is, although the energetics of oxyanion holes have been fully quantified in early studies (which include both the
Background Most women who are high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) positive in a cervical cancer screening test will spontaneously heal from their infection. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is recommended by the World Health Organization as a triage test for cervical screening, however its accuracy as a triage test has been questioned. In this study, we aimed to examine the sensitivity
Background: The water supply in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, has been unstable and under strain for decades, resulting in major issues with drinking water quality, reliability, and acceptability. In 2018, between 25% and 30% of Gazans did not have regular access to running water. The progressive deterioration of water infrastructure and concerns over the quality of piped water have resulted in a com
Objective: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of meeting criteria for symptoms suggestive of early osteoarthritis (OA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and to characterize the longitudinal changes in these symptoms during the first two years post-ACLR. Methods: We analyzed data from 10,231 patients aged 14 to 40 years in the New Zealand ACL Registry who completed
Background: COPD management is guided by the respiratory symptom burden, assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), or both. Research Question: What are the abilities of mMRC and CAT to detect abnormally high exertional breathlessness on incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise testing (CPET) in people with COPD? Study Design and Methods: A
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix expansion associated with immune deposits consisting of galactose-deficient polymeric IgA1 and C3. We have previously shown that IgA-binding regions of streptococcal M proteins colocalize with IgA in mesangial immune deposits in patients with IgAN. In the present study, the IgA-binding M4 protein from
Osteoporosis is a widespread problem afflicting millions of people. Drynol Cibotinis is a newly developed proprietary botanical combination of eight botanicals including Angelica sinensis, Glycine max, Wild yam, Ligustrum lucidum, Astragalus membranaceus, Cuscuta chinensis, Psoraleae corylifoliae, and Drynaria fortune. Each of the botanicals has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat o
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of mammography screening for women ages 40 to 49 years still is questioned, and few studies of the effectiveness of service screening for this age group have been conducted. METHODS: Breast cancer mortality was compared between women who were invited to service screening at ages 40 to 49 years (study group) and women in the same age group who were not invited during 1
Corporations and in particular large multinational enterprises are important for every countries economic growth. However, exploitation and human rights abuses due to corporate activity are repeatedly occurring in states that lacks the proper legislation, enforcement or institutions to ensure human rights protection. Thus, there is an increasing call for lead firms of MNEs to exercise human rights
The development of policy instruments with the aim to support production of electricity from renewable sources is, and has been for the last decades,an important factor when working with global environmental challenges. Compared with other countries in the EU, Sweden ranks very high when referring to the development of renewable energy production. This thesis aims to examine the policy processes t
A search for decays of the Higgs boson into a Z boson and a light resonance, with a mass of 0.5–3.5 GeV, is performed using the full 140 fb−1 dataset of 13 TeV proton–proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector during LHC Run 2. Leptonic decays of the Z boson and hadronic decays of the light resonance are considered. The resonance can be interpreted as a J/ψ or ηc meson, an axion-like particl
As offshore wind farms continue to grow in scale and number, wake interaction between turbines represents a significant source of power loss and increased fatigue risk. Consequently, there has been an increased interest in wake control strategies. Wake control strategies aim to mitigate these effects but their comparative effectiveness across power, wake velocity and turbulence intensity is not we
BACKGROUND: Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is an alcohol use biomarker with higher clinical sensitivity and specificity than commonly used alcohol markers. Since its introduction as a clinical alcohol-marker in 2006, the number of samples sent to our laboratory for the determination of PEth has shown a strong annual increase. This has prompted the need to develop a cost-effective and reliable analytic
The research project’s aim is to analyse and compare the evolution of the living standards and of the quality of life in the ten former communist countries that have joined the European Union back in 2004 and 2007. The project will include as well a survey, developed by the author in Romania, in order to test on real grounds the effects and impacts of joining the European Union on the everyday lif
1996 infördes miljöersättning för skötsel av landskapselement som ligger i eller i anslutning till åkermark i Sverige. Landskapselement i jordbrukslandskapet såsom öppna diken, stenmurar, åkerrenar och åkerholmar är viktiga småbiotoper för många djur- och växtarter. Idag (2013) kan miljöersättning för kultur- och naturmiljöer i odlingslandskapet (även kallat kulturmiljöstöd) sökas av lantbrukare sIn 1996, an agri-environmental support scheme was introduced in Sweden to compensate farmers for the maintenance of landscape elements located in or adjacent to cropland. Landscape elements in the agricultural landscape, for example ditches, stone walls, field margins and field islets, are important small biotopes for many animal and plant species. Today, farmers who remove bushes and trees (with
The European Single Market is built on a patchwork of contract laws and according to the European Commission’s findings differences between contract laws of the respective Member States substantially complicate cross-border trade. More specifically, the fragmentation of contract laws contributes to increasing legal complexity and costs for businesses while lowering consumers’ confidence in shoppin
This thesis investigate the European Union’s ’Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM) in the Mediterranean Sea. The core of GAMM is it to create partnerships with the countries of the southern Mediterranean Sea for the purpose of a secure environment for regular migration and mobility. This thesis analyse the core ideas of security in GAMM through a comparison of ideal types of national s
