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In a bid to find ways to improve the use and management of electricity within the Swedish residential market, an investigation is being undertaken with the purpose of finding some of the individual factors of this consumption and what are the possibilities of its control. The electricity users within this study are all connected to their supplier via an automatic one-hour metering system that all
Even though the design of buildings and technologies have been mainly focused on reducing energy use, there is still a discrepancy between predicted and actual energy saving due to user behavior. There is a need of understanding the behavior and relevant factors of using energy-efficient solutions. Energy-efficient solutions in an indoor environment can be defined as building characteristics such
Industrial energy efficiency is one of the most important means of reducing the threat of increased global warming. Research however states that despite the existence of numerous technical energy efficiency measures, its deployment is hindered by the existence of various barriers to energy efficiency. The complexity of increasing energy efficiency in manufacturing industry calls for an interdiscip
The European Union plays a globally influential role in environmental legislation, with policies and regulation rooted in particular norms. Through a narrative on regulatory capitalism, ecological modernization, and diffusion, we trace how the promotion of renewable energy in transport through subsidies, mandatory targets, and prescriptive criteria for liquid biofuels mobilize social forces for it
District heating systems using cogeneration, as well as local fuel-based and electric heating systems for detached houses, are analysed. The analysis includes the whole energy system, from the natural resource to the end user, with respect to primary energy use, emission and cost. The end-use technologies studied are heat pumps, resistance heaters and boilers. It was assumed that the base-load ele
Regional production and utilization of biomass in Sweden is analysed, considering the potential of replacing fossil fuels and producing new electricity. Extensive utilization of biomass will decrease biomass-transportation distances. The average distance for biomass transportation to a large-scale conversion plant suitable for electricity or methanol production will be 30–42 km when the conversion
Chemicals is the industrial sector with the highest energy demand, using a substantial share of global fossil energy and emitting increasing amounts of greenhouse gasses following rapid growth over the past 25 years. Emissions associated with energy use have increased with growth in coal-dependent regions but are also commonly underestimated in regions with higher shares of renewable energy. Renew
The thesis comprises an analysis of the heat transfer phenomenon in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and a description of various transport phenomena in a solid oxide electrolysis cell. Both devices are encompassed under the solid oxide electrochemical cell concept. Moreover, a CFD model of an SOEC was developed to study the behavior of the cell under different conditions of operating and structural
This paper explores how policy makers argue for the importance of digital competence in Swedish teacher education. A policy analysis of key policy documents from the government and from government-affiliated organisations from the time period 2011–2016 is conducted using Carol Bacchi’s ‘what’s the problem represented to be?’ approach. The paper critically examines underlying assumptions and partic
Allteftersom stora framsteg görs i datorernas värld och inom artificiell intelligens ser samhället en allt större implementering av artificiell intelligence-teknologi i människors vardag. En sådan implementering är autonoma, självkörande, fordon. Detta är en teknologi som lovar stora framsteg inom fordonssäkerhet, lägre utsläpp till följd av mindre köbildning och en rad andra samhällsvinster. Det
Mervärdeskatterätten utgör ett fullständigt harmoniserat område inom EU och medlemsstaternas lagstiftning på området är till sin helhet baserad på EU rätten. En uniform tillämpning av momsreglerna i medlemsstaterna är av stor vikt för mervärdesskattesystemets funktion. Skyldigheten att tolka nationell lag i enlighet med EU rätten är därför ett viktigt instrument för att säkerställa en uniform tillThe area of VAT constitutes a completely harmonized area within the EU and the national provisions in this area are to their entirety based on EU law. A uniform application of the VAT provisions throughout the EU therefore becomes essential in order to ensure the proper function of the VAT system. The obligation for national courts to interpret national law in conformity with EU law becomes an imp
District heating (DH) is an efficient urban heating solution. Numerous external factors (energy efficiency, fuel-price increases, heat -pump competition and policy changes) are challenging. It is relevant to explore long-term cost-competitiveness of DH. A model has been developed testing three, future DH pathways: (i) phase out of biomass (aligned to the cascading principle of the EU Taxonomy), (i
Attribution has become a recurring issue in discussions about Loss and Damage (L&D). In this highly-politicised context, attribution is often associated with responsibility and blame; and linked to debates about liability and compensation. The aim of attribution science, however, is not to establish responsibility, but to further scientific understanding of causal links between elements of the
The major aim of this paper is to analyze energy use and particularly energy productivity in some of the major manufacturing processes, such as iron and steel or paper production. Energy, as one of factors of production and substitute to labor, has often been neglected in various productivity benchmark studies. It is the aim of this paper to further investigate this relationship between energy and
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a severe and sometimes life-threatening disease characterized by viral invasion of the central nervous system with symptoms of neuroinflammation1,2. As with other orthoflaviviruses—enveloped, arthropod-borne RNA viruses—host factors required for TBEV entry remain poorly defined. Here we used a genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9-based
