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Graffiti är en mycket gammal konstart som länge associerats med kriminalitet men som på senare tid kommit att erkännas som en etablerad konstart. Graffitikonstverk blir dock ofta föremål för ändring eller förstörelse och har därför ansetts vara av naturen förgängliga verk. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur graffitikonstnärens respekträtt står sig i förhållande till ingrepp från andraGraffiti is a very old art form that, for a long period of time, has been associated with criminality. Nevertheless, graffiti has nowadays come to be recognized as an art form. Graffiti artworks do, however, often become subject to distortion, mutilation or other modifications and are understood to be, by nature, perishable pieces of art. The purpose of this essay is to examine to what extent th

This thesis deals with an approach in how to structure global governance, proposed by an Australian political scientist John S. Dryzek, called ‘Discursive democracy’. This thesis presents the approach, goes through the different aspects of it and tries to give the reader a sufficient understanding of the approach. The thesis offer an evaluation of the approach through a process where the approach

The aim of this chapter is to provide researchers with a tool kit of semi-experimental and experimental techniques for studying code-switching. It presents an overview of the current off-line and on-line research techniques, ranging from analyses of published bilingual texts of spontaneous conversations, to tightly controlled experiments. A multi-task approach used for studying code-switched sente

In the era of large-scale surveys of stars in the MilkyWay, stellar ages are crucial for studying the evolution of the Galaxy.But determining ages of field stars is notoriously difficult; therefore, we attempt to determine benchmark ages for the extensively studied Gaia benchmark stars which can be used for validation purposes. By searching the literature for age estimates from different methods a

In the foreword to the Mercure de France edition of de Staël. (1996 [1793]. Réflexions sur le procès de la reine. Paris: Mercure de France), Chantal Thomas, French historian and writer, writes that this apology in favor of Marie-Antoinette did not help the queen nor the author herself; on the contrary it only made the latter more unpopular. So why did Germaine de Staël write it? Mme de Staël and M

Cambodia is facing the familiar problem of achieving sustained rates of economic growth that could help it alleviate widespread poverty. Against the background of some encouraging developments, and quite a few that are not equally reassuring, we argue that any push for development needs to consider both agriculture and industry. This is so as both labour absorption, primarily in secondary sector a

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) relaxometry was applied to determine the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of water-saturated Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) specimens cut from mature sapwood (sW) and mature and juvenile heartwood (hW), where earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) were separated. In combination with quantitative wood anatomy data focusing on the void volumes in various

Evaluating the user experience is often done in a laboratory. Methods for observing what happens in the wild are nonetheless being employed because they bring results that the traditional methods of evaluation do not yield. In this paper we describe and discuss methods used at our lab for understanding the mobile user experience. These methods range from quantitative to qualitative evaluation, and

The servo problem for a wide class of nonlinear system is considered.A quantitative bound on system trajectories is derived. For piecewise linearsystems the bound is shown to be computable in terms of linear matrixinequalities.

The great variety of earth's microorganisms and their functions are attributed to the heterogeneity of their habitats, but our understanding of the impact of this heterogeneity on microbes is limited at the microscale. In this study, we tested how a gradient of spatial habitat complexity in the form of fractal mazes influenced the growth, substrate degradation, and interactions of the bacterial st

Research on development aid has focused on Western powers—the global South's 20th century colonial masters—largely ignoring the practices of donors who are not members of the West-dominated Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and its Development Assistance Committee (DAC). This article informs about the world of "non-DAC donors," through examining Polish development aid and its s

Nanoplastics have been proven to induce toxicity in diverse organisms, yet their effect on soil microbes like bacteria and fungi remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we used micro-engineered soil models to investigate the effect of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres on Pseudomonas putida and Coprinopsis cinerea. Specifically, we explored the effects of increasing concentrations of 60 nm carboxylat

Consider the quadratic family Ta(x) = ax(1-x) for x ∈ [0, 1] and mixing Collet-Eckmann (CE) parameters a ∈ (2, 4). For bounded φ, set φ˜a := φ-∫ φ dμa, with μa the unique acim of Ta, and put (σa(φ))2 := ∫ φ˜2a dμa + 2Σ i>0 ∫ phi;˜a(φ˜a o T1a) dμa. For any mixing Misiurewicz parameter a∗, we find a positive measure set Ω∗ of mixing CE parameters, containing a∗ as a Lebesgue density point, such that

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2