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Prehistoric population structure associated with the transition to an agricultural lifestyle in Europe remains a contentious idea. Population-genomic data from 11 Scandinavian Stone Age human remains suggest that hunter-gatherers had lower genetic diversity than that of farmers. Despite their close geographical proximity, the genetic differentiation between the two Stone Age groups was greater tha

Polyurethanes and polycarbonates are widely used in a variety of applications including engineering, optical devices, and high-performance adhesives and coatings, etc., and are expected to find use also in the biomedical field owing to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. However, these polymers are currently produced using hazardous phosgene and isocyanates, which are derived from the reactio

The development of biological reactors for the treatment of toxic and recalcitrant organic pollutants is a complex task. Firstly, microbial inoculation, acclimation and selection must be optimized to provide the best microflora possible. Secondly, innovative technologies must be developed to overcome the intrinsic low degradation rates of hardly-degradable pollutants in order to allow short treatm

The interference based analysis of Bose Einstein Correlations in the Lund Model has hitherto been limited to simple strings without gluonic excitations. A new fragmentation method based on the Area Law in the Lund Model allows such an analysis to be extended to multigluon strings.

Since the end of the Cold War, the operations of secret police informers have come under the media spotlight, and it is now common knowledge that vast internal networks of spies in the Soviet Union and East Germany were directed by the Communist Party. By contrast, very little historical information has been available on the covert operations of the security services in Mao Zedong's China. However

Many product development projects nowadays use computer-aided engineering systems in the analysis of product proposals. It is therefore important to appropriately integrate the analyses activities in the product development process. One important aspect of this integration is how to handle the initiation of the task: identifying the need, planning the task and its monitoring, and communicating it

Innovation strategies are crucial for corporate success and should be a top priority for packaging companies. However, to improve the innovativeness of packaging manufacturers, there is a need to increase the integration of product and packaging development and collaboration within the supply chain. New methods for innovative packaging development are needed. Packaging plays a valuable role in the

The backplane in a multi-board system has a limited wiring capability, which makes additional backplane Boundary-Scan wiring to link the boards highly costly. The problem is to access the Boundary-Scan tested boards with the Boundary- Scan controller at the central board. In this paper we propose an approach suitable for the Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture standard where we make use of the

Design problems related to the next generation Internet core networks can be difficult to solve in an exact way. Hence, for large networks they may require approximate algorithms. The paper considers two optimization problems for off-line design of robust NGI core networks carrying elastic traffic with a two-layer IP/MPLS over WDM architecture. The problems are NP-hard and are formulated as mixed-

A searchable database of speech samples from more than 100 Swedish dialects is being established for use in research and education. Each dialect is represented by at least 12 speakers. The recorded material comprises spontaneous speech as well as words and phrases elicited with a number of specific research goals in mind. This paper summarizes one of these goals, a prosodic typology for the Swedis

The Ziegler-Nichols step response method is based on theidea of tuning controllers based on simple features of thestep response. In this paper this idea is investigated fromthe point of view of robust loop shaping. The results are:insight into the properties of PI and PID control andsimple tuning rules that give robust performance for processes with essentially monotone step responses.

This paper derives a set of policy lessons for Portugal from the new fiscal framework including a fiscal policy council that gradually emerged in Sweden after the deep economic crisis of the early 1990s. By now, Swedish public finances stand out among the strongest in Europe. Recent Swedish macroeconomic performance has been impressive. As Sweden and Portugal are small open economies in the periph

Crosstalk is one of the main limiting factors in the data rates achievable by digital subscriber line (DSL) systems, and several algorithms have been proposed to mitigate this impairment. In this paper, we compare the capacity of binders under different crosstalk-mitigating techniques. When computing capacity, we also compare two different power constraints: either on the total power in the binder

Climate change poses a serious challenge to sustainable urban development, placing many cities at risk. Climatic conditions are changing to such an extent that the capacity of urban institutions and associated governance systems to deal with climatic extremes and variability is being reduced. New approaches for urban climate change adaptation are thus urgently needed. There is an increasing conse