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The interaction of bi-isonicotinic acid (4,4[prime]-dicarboxy-2,2[prime]-bipyridine) with the Au(111) surface has been investigated using electron spectroscopic techniques. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra show that monolayers of the molecule lie flat to the surface and also reveal that the monolayer is sensitive to the preparation conditions employed. Core level x-ray ph

Popular Abstract in Swedish I detta arbete har lösningsegenskaperna av treblocksampolymerer samt deras växelverkan med tensider i utspädda vattenlösningar studerats med hjälp av statisk och dynamiskljusspridning i kombination med andra experimentella tekniker så som kalorimetri, lågvinkel röntgenspridning och själv-diffusionskärnspinresonans. Både hur treblocksampolymerer bildar olika typer av aggThe solution properties of dilute aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymers and their interaction with surfactants have been investigated using static and dynamic light scattering, combined with small angle X-ray scattering, calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. In aqueous solution, the triblock copolyme

The ammoxidation of propane is commonly regarded as being the future route for producing acrylonitrile, and the Mo-V-Nb-Te-oxide system studied here has thus far been seen as the most promising candidate for achieving this. Yields of up to 62% have been presented very elegantly in the patent literature. A great disadvantage has been, however, that the crystalline quality of the catalyst tends to b

Intracerebral neural transplantation offers a new strategy to combat Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases. However, a host immune response against a histoincompatible neural graft in the brain may jeopardize transplant survival. We transplanted dissociated mesencephalic tissue prepared from Sprague-Dawley (SD) (syngeneic), Lewis (allogeneic) rats or mice (xenogeneic), into 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH

This article concerns the co-evolution of hominin cooperation, communication and cognition. Certain hominin ecologies seem to have relied on cognitive foresight. The capacity of planning for future needs, combined with more developed cooperative skills, opened up the cognitive niche of cooperation towards future goals. Such cooperation requires complex intersubjectivity (theory of mind). We analyz

We consider the following clustering problems: given a general undirected graph, partition its vertices into disjoint clusters such that each cluster forms a clique and the number of edges within the clusters is maximized (Max-ECP), or the number of edges between clusters is minimized (Min-ECP). These problems arise naturally in the DNA clone classification. We investigate the hardness of finding

Popular Abstract in Swedish För att kunna förstå och bedöma exponeringen av kemikalier i miljön, i det här fallet PolyBromeradeDiphenylEtrar (PBDEer), behövs kunskap om källor och flöden från teknosfären till ekosystemen. PBDEer är bromerade flamskyddsmedel som bl a sätts till olika plastmaterial i elektronikanvändning för att förhindra brand. Det används globalt i miljontals kilo och presenteras I have studied the sources, long range transport, and rates of flow of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), from the technosphere to the Baltic ecosystems. PBDEs are mainly used in polymers, which are applied in electrical equipment to prevent overheating or flashover and are produced in large quantities. PBDEs have become widely spread in the environment, where they are able to accumulate in b

Popular Abstract in Swedish Benskörhet (osteoporos) är en sjukdom som karaktäriseras av minskad mängd benmassa och försämrad benkvalitet. Benskörhet leder till en ökad risk för frakturer. Förekomsten av benskörhet har fördubblats under de senaste decennierna. Upp till en tiondel av alla män och en fjärdedel av alla kvinnor lider av sjukdomen. Ökningen av benskörhet i samhället kan delvis förklarasThe aim of this thesis was to evaluate long-term changes in bone mass and skeletal structure in the forearm in the peri- and postmenopausal period. 156 premenopausal women, at baseline aged 48 years, not taking medications and without disease processes known to interfere with bone metabolism, were followed through menopause by measurements of bone mass and skeletal structure at the cortical site o

The availability and exchange of required packaging logistics information is critical to achieve an efficient, effective and responsive retail supply chain. The use of well defined packaging-related information that is available for all actors in the supp1y chain also facilitate an integrated and supply chain oriented packaging development. The objective of this paper is to investigate and describ

The aim of this book is to improve our understanding of creative knowledge environments. The various chapters analyse creative and innovate activities as carried out by individuals, groups and organisations. The book’s focus is on identifying and understanding the factors relating to the working environment that are conducive to human creativity and innovation. The editing of the book has been a c