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SI Engine knock is caused by autoignition in the unburnt part of the mixture (end-gas) ahead of the propagating flame. Autoignition of the end-gas occurs when the temperature and pressure exceeds a critical limit when comparatively slow reactions - releasing moderate amounts of heat - transform into ignition and rapid heat release. In this paper the difference in the heat released in the end-gas

CERTEC intends to develop an autonomous grasping function, but first user requirements have to be studied. Therefore, user trials have been carried out on the RAID workstation (Robot to Assist the Integration of the Disabled) at the Rehabcentrum Lund-Orup in Höör, Sweden. This paper will describe the control methods used in these trials as well as the results of the trials.

PURPOSE: In the context of oncologic therapy for children, radiation therapy is frequently indicated. This study identified the frequency of and reasons for the development of high-grade acute toxicity and possible sequelae.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Irradiated children have been prospectively documented since 2001 in the Registry for the Evaluation of Side Effects After Radiation in Childhood and Ado

This article focuses on a process of recognition of prior learning (RPL) in higher education. It is based on experiences from a project carried out in collaboration between the University of Lund, Linköping University and two trade unions in Sweden. The aim of the project was to find ways of recognising prior learning for accreditation of course credits at university level. In the project and its

This article proposes a critical legal analysis of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights regarding indigenous peoples’ rights to lands, participation, and consultation. It focuses on the role that cultural diversity as a legal standard has played in the recognition of the indigenous peoples’ right to consultation and participation in all matters that directly affect them, a

Fetal guinea-pig epiphyseal chondrocytes were isolated enzymatically, aggregated, and the aggregates maintained in organ culture. As revealed by light and electron microscopy, the cultures produced a typical cartilaginous matrix, but no calcification occurred. Exposure of aggregating cells, or preformed aggregates, to colchicine or vinblastihe at 10-5 M concentration led to disappearance of the mi

Objective: To further our understanding of the pathogenesis of chondromalacia of the patella (CM), we have studied the release into knee joint fluid and serum, obtained from patients with CM, of molecules associated with the metabolism of joint cartilage matrix and synovium. Methods: Interleukin-1 α (IL-1α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), interstitial collage

This paper presents a convex-optimization-based technique to obtain parameters for a PID feedback controller, used to control the infusion rate of the anesthetic drug propofol. The controller design is based on a set of identified patient models, relating propofol infusion to an EEG-based conciousness index. The main contribution lies in the method automatically taking inter-patient variability in

This paper addresses the issue of a rising class-consciousness in the mid-nineteenth century, which threatened to challenge formerly stable power positions. The focus lies specifically on parts of Charles Dickens’s literary production as several early as well as contemporary critics, such as G.K. Chesterton and Andrzej Diniejko, have ascribed his works a rather critical position in the representat

Developing an e-government in a state is a new thinking. One of the main priorities of the new European Commission is developing a strong interconnected e-government system inside the European Union. Beside of its cost-efficient benefits, e-government can play an important part in reducing corruption as well. As most of the countries in the world are fighting with corruption, e-government can be s

This research examines the introduction and diffusion of biochar as a soil amendment and biochar producing stoves in Embu County, Kenya, together with its related socio-economic potentials and challenges. The area has seen rapid rates of deforestation together with declining soil fertility during the last couple of decades. Biochar as a soil amendment and biochar producing stoves offers a viable s

Miyake et al. (2012,2013) upptäckte en snabb ökning av 14C i träringar daterade till 774-5 och 992-3 vilket tillskrevs exceptionalla kosmik strålnings händelser. Dessa extrema partikel händelser har inget motstycke i instrumentala eller hstoriska arkiv och blev följdaktigen mycket uppmärksammade. Många studier har försöt koppla samman dessa två händelser med sol protonstormar (SPE), supernovor, gaMiyake et al. (2012, 2013) discovered rapid increases of 14C content in tree rings dated to AD 774-5 and AD 992-3 which were attributed to unprecedented cosmic-ray events. These extreme particle events have no counterparts in the instrumental and historical record and consequently praised great interest. Indeed, many studies have tentatively associated the two events to solar proton events (SPE),