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Quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells are emerging as a promising development of dye-sensitized solar cells, where photostable semiconductor quantum dots replace molecular dyes. Upon photoexcitation of a quantum dot, an electron is transferred to a high-band-gap metal oxide. Swift electron transfer is crucial to ensure a high overall efficiency of the solar cell. Using femtosecond time-resolved spect
Background: S100A9 has been shown to be important for the function of so called Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC). Cells with a similar phenotype are also involved in pro-inflammatory processes, and we therefore wanted to investigate the gene expression and function of these cells in animals that were either subjected to chronic inflammation, or inoculated with tumors. Methods: CD11b(+)Ly6C(
The human herpesviruses are involved in a variety of diseases. Large-scale evaluation of the clinical and epidemiological importance of different herpesviruses requires high-throughput methods. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a method that has a multiplex capacity enabling simultaneous detection of several viruses in a single sample. P
On the north east coast of the Caribbean island Grenada, there´s an abandoned airport. This extraordinary environment is located in a valley between tropical mountains covered by lush rain forest. The landing stripe is a 1,5-kilometer-long runway of history, facing the rough Atlantic Ocean. Grenada has already suffered badly from hurricanes and tropical storms. While climate changes are evolving
Background: In Sweden, mergers between Swedish parent companies and domestic subsidiaries are in most cases carried out with a continuation of the tax burden, while mergers between Swedish parent companies and foreign subsidiaries are, in principle, not. The exception is when the Swedish intra-group deduction rules apply. However, they are very limited in their scope and application. It is uncerta
Health is a universal right, nevertheless, not all people have the same opportunities to fully enjoy it without facing financial difficulties. Universal Health Coverage has the potential to break the health-poverty trap, supporting people with the opportunity of building a healthy structure, essential for a sustainable human and economic development. This paper explores how individual characterist
Oklarhetsregeln är en avtalsrättslig princip som härstammar från den romerska rätten och återfinns i flera rättsordningar och internationella principsamlingar. I Corpus Juris Civilis är den latinska formuleringen av regeln ambiguitas contra stipulatorem est och på engelska omnämns den som the contra proferentem rule. Även om oklarhetsregeln är en välkänd princip, är den kontroversiell. HD har exemThe contra proferentem rule is a legal doctrine in contract law, which originates from the Roman law. Today, the rule is known in several legal systems and is used in international collections of principles. In Corpus Juris Civilis the Latin wording of the rule is ambiguitas contra stipulatorem est and in Sweden the rule is known as oklarhetsregeln. Even though the rule is well known, it is contro
Under år 2015 antog regeringen en ändring av brottsbalken (BrB, 1962:700) som ger rätten en möjlighet att erkänna strafflindring i fall där den tilltalade medverkar till utredningen av sin egen brottslighet (29 kap. 5 a § 1 st. BrB). Fastän ändringen hade önskvärda syften, bland annat en ökad effektivitet, är rätten att inte belasta sig själv en generell och grundläggande rättighet som inte får glIn 2015, the Swedish government adopted an amendment of the Swedish Criminal Code (brottsbalken, 1962:700) which grants the court a possibility to reduce the penalty in cases where the defendant contributes to the investigation of their own crime (chapter 29 § 5 a 1). While the rationale behind the amendment lies upon desirable arguments such as efficiency, the privilege against self-incrimination
Föräldraalienation är ett fenomen som innebär att en förälder påverkar det gemensamma barnet att ta avstånd från den andra föräldern utan grund, trots att föräldern varit god och omsorgsfull. Det uppstår oftast i svåra vårdnadstvister. Vidare kan detta anses inbegripet i umgängessabotage, exempelvis om en förälder påverkar barnet att inte vilja umgås med den andra föräldern. Barnet tillskrivs månParental alienation is a social phenomenon where a parent influences its Child to dissociate itself from the other parent without justification, even though the parent has been careful and gentle. The phenomenon usually arises in high conflict custody disputes. Furthermore, parental alienation might be considered access sabotage, for example if the parent influences the child to reject access to t
OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). DESIGN: Follow-up study of newborn children of mothers with chronic HCV infection. SETTING: A university hospital in Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen women with chronic HCV infection and their 21 newly born children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detection of HCV RNA in serum by the polymerase chain reaction and detection
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experience of fall risk from a lifeworld perspective in elderly women with previous fragility fractures. Thirteen elderly women with a high risk of fall and fracture, aged 76-86, living in their own homes in rural areas, were recruited from a voluntary fracture prevention programme. All women had a history of fragility fractures and we
The effects of age on the fibre type arrangement in the human muscle m. vastus lateralis were studied. There were 10, 6 and 8 healthy men in the three age-groups with means 24, 52 and 77 years, respectively. For each fascicle considered, the numbers of type 1 (ST) and type 2 (FT) fibres on the boundary and internally, and the numbers of enclosed fibres of either type, were counted. The randomness
PURPOSE: This study was designed to characterize rectal sensations by visualizing the internal and external anal sphincter and intra-anal transport of bolus during elicited rectal sensations. METHODS: The anal canal was visualized with real-time transperineal ultrasonography in 13 healthy female volunteers. Rectal sensations were elicited by injecting water into the rectum. The ultrasound images w
A molecular level understanding of the structural reorganization accompanying interfacial electron transfer is important for rational design of solar cells. Here we have applied XTA (X-ray transient absorption) spectroscopy to study transient structures in a heterogeneous interfacial system mimicking the charge separation process in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with Ru(dcbpy)(2)(NCS)(2) (RuN3)
In this paper we studied carrier drift dynamics in APFO3:PC61BM solar cells of varied stoichiometry (2:1, 1:1, and 1:4 APFO3:PC61BM) over a wide time range, from subpicoseconds to microseconds with a combination of ultrafast optical electric field probing and conventional transient integrated photocurrent techniques. Carrier drift and extraction dynamics are strongly stoichiometry dependent: the s
Pathogenic microbes acquire human complement inhibitors to circumvent the innate immune system. In this study, we identify two novel host-pathogen interactions, factor H (FH) and factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1), the inhibitors of the alternative pathway that binds to Hib. A collection of clinical Haemophilus influenzae isolates was tested and the majority of encapsulated and unencapsulated bound F
Background: Parents face mental health challenges following their child's cancer diagnosis. However, it is unknown whether parental mental illness following a childhood cancer diagnosis influences the child's mortality.Patients and methods: Using several nationwide registers in Sweden, we identified children diagnosed with cancer between ages 0 to 14 from 2005 to 2016. Parental mental illness was
