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Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with certain HLA-DR4 subtypes. The target autoantigen(s) is unknown, but type II collagen (CII) is a candidate, with a single immunodominant DR4-restricted 261-273 T cell epitope (CII(261273)). In the present study, we have prepared HLA-DR4:CII(261-273) tetramers and analyzed peripheral blood, lymph node, and synovial fluid cells fr
The immunodominant T-cell epitope that is involved in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is the glycosylated type II collagen (CII) peptide 256-270. In CII transgenic mice, which express the immunodominant CII 256-270 epitope in cartilage, the CII-specific T cells are characterized by a partially tolerant state with low proliferative activity in vitro, but with maintained effector functions, such as
A role for regulatory lymphocytes has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes in the NOD mouse but the nature of these cells is debated. CD1d-restricted NKT lymphocytes have been implicated in this process. Previous reports of reduced diabetes incidence in NOD mice in which the numbers of NKT cells are artificially increased have been attributed to the enhanced production of IL-4
This thesis is focused on natural killer (NK) T cells. NKT cells recognize lipids and glycolipids, rather than peptides, in the contents of the antigen presenting molecule CD1d. NKT cells have a surface phenotype reminiscent of memory cells, and have been shown to rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines, such as IL-4 and IFN-gamma, upon activation. Because of their rapid response to activation,
Oklarhetsregeln är en avtalsrättslig princip som härstammar från den romerska rätten och återfinns i flera rättsordningar och internationella principsamlingar. I Corpus Juris Civilis är den latinska formuleringen av regeln ambiguitas contra stipulatorem est och på engelska omnämns den som the contra proferentem rule. Även om oklarhetsregeln är en välkänd princip, är den kontroversiell. HD har exemThe contra proferentem rule is a legal doctrine in contract law, which originates from the Roman law. Today, the rule is known in several legal systems and is used in international collections of principles. In Corpus Juris Civilis the Latin wording of the rule is ambiguitas contra stipulatorem est and in Sweden the rule is known as oklarhetsregeln. Even though the rule is well known, it is contro
Under år 2015 antog regeringen en ändring av brottsbalken (BrB, 1962:700) som ger rätten en möjlighet att erkänna strafflindring i fall där den tilltalade medverkar till utredningen av sin egen brottslighet (29 kap. 5 a § 1 st. BrB). Fastän ändringen hade önskvärda syften, bland annat en ökad effektivitet, är rätten att inte belasta sig själv en generell och grundläggande rättighet som inte får glIn 2015, the Swedish government adopted an amendment of the Swedish Criminal Code (brottsbalken, 1962:700) which grants the court a possibility to reduce the penalty in cases where the defendant contributes to the investigation of their own crime (chapter 29 § 5 a 1). While the rationale behind the amendment lies upon desirable arguments such as efficiency, the privilege against self-incrimination
Humanitära interventioner är ett väl debatterat ämne inom internationell rätt. Det är ett ämne som väcker stora känslor och diskussioner bland jurister samt inom och emellan stater världen över. När det gäller legaliteten av humanitära interventioner finns det mycket material att tillgå, dock övergår diskussionen sällan i det som egentligen är viktigast: Borde humanitära interventioner vara lagligHumanitarian interventions is a well debated subject within international law. When it comes to the legality of humanitarian interventions the international community is divided and a lot of material regarding such interventions can be found. Unfortunately, the discussion rarely turns to the more important question: Should humanitarian interventions be legal under contemporary international law? T
Föräldraalienation är ett fenomen som innebär att en förälder påverkar det gemensamma barnet att ta avstånd från den andra föräldern utan grund, trots att föräldern varit god och omsorgsfull. Det uppstår oftast i svåra vårdnadstvister. Vidare kan detta anses inbegripet i umgängessabotage, exempelvis om en förälder påverkar barnet att inte vilja umgås med den andra föräldern. Barnet tillskrivs månParental alienation is a social phenomenon where a parent influences its Child to dissociate itself from the other parent without justification, even though the parent has been careful and gentle. The phenomenon usually arises in high conflict custody disputes. Furthermore, parental alienation might be considered access sabotage, for example if the parent influences the child to reject access to t
The effect of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening on prostate cancer mortality remains debated, despite evidence from randomized trials. We investigated the association between prostate cancer incidence, reflecting uptake of PSA testing, and prostate cancer mortality.
Whereas patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a well-documented susceptibility to infections, this has been less studied in other B-cell disorders, such as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). We investigated the humoral immunity to 24 different pathogens in elderly patients with MM (n = 25), WM (n = 16), and MGUS (n = 18) and in ag
An NMR technique to measure exchange kinetics at thermal equilibrium in dispersions of moderately soluble crystalline material is presented. By monitoring the exchange of molecules between pools in solid and dissolved form, one can characterize the surface specific exchange rate. Illustrative experiments were performed in a model system with b-type crystals of tripalmitin as the solid phase and tr
Gastric bypass is a clinical option for obesity surgery. An increased susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection in the bypassed stomach has been speculated. The aim of the present study was to examine the susceptibility of the bypassed stomach to H. pylori infection in rats and mice. Adult Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats and NMRI mice were subjected to either gastric bypass or laparotomy only
Utgångspunkten för följande uppsats är dynamiken mellan Föräldrabalken, FB, 6:8 och artikel 8 Den europeiska konventionen angående skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna, EKMR. FB 6:8 innebär ett ingrepp i familjen då vårdnaden om ett barn flyttas över på någon utanför familjen. Detta ingrepp i familjen som FB 6:8 medför innebär inte enkom att den faktiska vårdnaden ö
Rock singing - five vocal teachers´ experience of the female voice. The purpose of this study is to find out what different vocal teachers have to say about rock singing and the female singing voice. The method I have used to gather information is a phenomenographically inspired qualitative interview. The study begins with a few thoughts about my interest in rock singing, followed by a short over
This paper provides an exploratory analysis about the effect of transportation infrastructure on poverty reductions in Mexico between 1990 and 2010. Using the density of highways and unprecedented official estimations of poverty at municipality level, I show that this type of infrastructure lead to reductions in poverty. On average, for every additional kilometer (km) of highway (km/100km2) povert
Sammanfattning Examenarbetets titel: Personal branding – möjlighet eller krav? Seminariedatum: 2015-01-15 Ämne/kurs: FEKH29 Företagsekonomi: Examensarbete i marknadsföring på kandidatnivå, 15 högskolepoäng Författare: Magnus Skog, Justus Jahja, Niran Ahmad Handledare: Jon Bertilsson Nyckelord: Sociala medier, varumärke, företagsledare, finansiellt resultat Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att i eAbstract Title: Personal branding – opportunity or necessity? Seminar date: 2015-01-15 Course: FEKH29 Business administration: Degree Project in Marketing, Undergraduate Level, 15 hp. Authors: Magnus Skog, Justus Jahja, Niran Ahmad Advisor: Jon Bertilsson Key words: Social media, brands, Ceo, financial result Objective: The objective of this thesis is to in an explorative approach obtain th
Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att analysera det uppror som skildras i Suzanne Collins The Hunger Games-trilogi. Med grund i Michail Bachtins tankar om folkets möjlighet till uppror i karnevalen och den folkliga festen anläggs ett karnevalsperspektiv på framförallt övergripande händelseförlopp, men även specifika händelser och företeelser i Collins bokserie. Efter en inledande beskrivning av karThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the uprising depicted in Suzanne Collin’s The Hunger Games-trilogy. Using the ideas of carnival and vernacular humour presented by Mikhail Bakhtin a carnival perspective is applied to the course of events in Collin’s trilogy. Following a description of carnival as theory in the study of literature in general and more specifically children’s literature, the carn
Bakgrund: I en tid med hårdnande konkurrens, där utbudet ofta är större än efterfrågan, tvingas organisationer till effektivisering. Därav har vikten av att implementera ett starkt varumärke ökat, via denna kan kunden upplysas om produkt, kvalitet samt funktion. Efter den svenska skolreformen infördes, vilket innebar att skolväsendet öppnade upp sina portar för konkurrens, har betydelsen av varumä
The purpose of this research is to examine the implications of the provisions in the Swedish Code of Corporate Governance (the Code) concerning auditor attestation of the internal control report. We will focus on how the auditors’ augmented responsibilities will affect the efficiency in the audit process.Our research indicates that the main benefit from reviewing the internal control report is ach
