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Background: Tamoxifen is an established treatment for breast cancer, but its long-term effects on survival and on secondary cancers are not fully evaluated. Material and methods: We studied 30 years outcome of 4124 postmenopausal patients who were randomized to receive (totally) two or five years of adjuvant tamoxifen. Results: After 5 years of follow-up, when tamoxifen treatment was finished in b

Peking drabbades i januari 2013 av en smogkatastrof av aldrig tidigare uppmätt slag. Incidenten, känd som ”Airpocalypse”, blev en världsnyhet och satte mer än någonsin tidigare fokus på stadens omfattande luftföroreningsproblem. Den här uppsatsen redogör för omfattningen av och orsakerna bakom luftföroreningarna i Peking, och visar att stadens luftkvalitet redan på 80-, 90-, och 00-talen på många In January 2013 Beijing was hit with a wave of smog the likes of which have never been recorded before. The incident, known as ”Airpocalypse”, quickly made news across the globe placing focus on the City's immense air quality problem. This paper investigates the extent of and the reasons behind Beijing's air pollution, and goes on to show that the air quality during the 80's, 90's

BACKGROUND: No studies have examined long-term risks for aortic aneurysm (AA) and aortic dissection (AD) or mortality after AA or AD hospitalization among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODS AND RESULTS: In this observational cohort study, we linked data for patients with T2DM in the Swedish National Diabetes Register, and 5 individually matched population-based control subjects

Nonlinear light-matter interactions, such as filamentation or high-order harmonic generation, are at the heart of nonlinear optics. Scaling of such effects is crucial to benefit optimally from novel laser developments. We introduce and discuss a general scaling model for nonlinear light-matter interactions in gases.

Stroke is a significant cause of long-term disability, impairing over 10 million peoples motor function, primarily on one side of the body every year. Whilst effective rehabilitation exercises can help recover and maintain some affected motor function, stroke survivors often do not carry out enough of these. Instead relying on their `good' side to carry out tasks. However, this leads to poor recov

To assess the potential impact of ICT on environmental sustainability in the European Union within a time horizon until 2020, we developed a System Dynamics model. In our contribution we make a critical, retrospective evaluation of the model with regard to the requirements and expectations of the project commissioners and of experts involved in the modeling and simulation process. The issues addre

Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells (iRBC) express variant surface antigens (VSA) of which VAR2CSA is involved in placental sequestration and causes pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM). Primigravidae are most susceptible to PAM whereas antibodies associated with protection are often present at higher levels in multigravid women. However, HIV co-infection with malaria has been shown to al

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the ancestors of all blood cells, have the ability to give rise to mature effector cells through a series of developmental steps. This is a tightly regulated, though a highly dynamic process: on the one hand, dysregulation in steady-state could lead to under- or overgrowth of certain blood cell lineages, whereas, on the other hand, demands for certain mature blood c

The purpose of this study is to investigate how people express religious and national identities in the conflict-ridden Patani region of southern Thailand. In a historical framework of disputes over territory and political legitimacy, where identities have developed in response to an emerging Thai nation, it is of relevance to understand the dynamics of these identities and to disclose how local p

Complex product form generation methods have rarely been used within the field of industrial design. The difficulty in their use is mainly linked to constraints – such as functionality, production and cost – that apply to most products. By cou-pling a mathematically described morphology to an optimisation system, it may be possible to generate a complex product form, compliant with engineering and

Following the recommendations drawn after the Commissioning Phase of the ENVISAT satellite in 2002, SCIAMACHY near real time data processors were upgraded to version 5.01 in early 2004. Before public release of the new SCIAMACHY nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column data product, several validation teams investigated its improvement and assessed its geophysical consistency by means of correlative

Gestational enterovirus (EV) infections have been associated with an increased risk for type 1 diabetes in the offspring. We therefore analyzed non-diabetic mothers for EV exposure in early pregnancy in relation to type 1 diabetes HLA-DQ risk genotypes and seroconversion to islet autoantibodies during pregnancy. Non-diabetic mothers who had islet autoantibodies (n=365) against glutamic acid decarb

Electron emission, in resonance with soft X-ray absorption, appears to provide a measure of the dispersion of the highest occupied and the lowest, core-hole distorted, unoccupied pi-bands in poly(p-phenylenevinylene).

BACKGROUND: Information on cancer prevalence is of major importance for health planning and resource allocation. However, systematic information on cancer prevalence is largely unavailable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight population-based cancer registries from 17 European countries, participating in EUROPREVAL, provided data on almost 3 million cancer patients diagnosed from 1970 to 1992. Sta

A photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF) technique was applied to an HCCI engine for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) measurements. A pump-probe strategy was adopted with the pump laser (266 nm) photolyzing H2O2, and with the probe laser (283 nm) detecting the generated OH photofragments. An on-line calibration process was performed by introducing a known amount of vaporized H2O2/water sol

The presence of iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate changes the properties of the polysaccharides, as it generates a more flexible chain with increased binding potentials. Iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate influences multiple cellular properties such as migration, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and regulation of cytokine/growth factor activities. During patholog

Complement convertases are enzymatic complexes that play a central role in sustaining and amplification of the complement cascade. Impairment of complement function directly or indirectly leads to pathologic conditions including higher infection rate, kidney diseases, autoimmune- or neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injury. An assay for direct measurement of activity of the conve

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Interleukin (IL)-17A is central for neutrophilic inflammation, and has been linked to COPD pathogenesis.

Background Olaparib is a novel, orally active poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that induces synthetic lethality in homozygous BRCA-deficient cells. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of olaparib for treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Methods In this international, multicentre, phase 2 study, we enrolled two sequential cohorts of wome