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Using the optical double resonance and level crossing methods, properties of several excited S , P , and D states in 39 K were studied. The S and D states were populated using stepwise excitation with the first P state as an intermediate level. An rf lamp and a CW dye laser were used in the first and second excitation steps, respectively. The studied P states were populated in the cascade decay of

Nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic waves is an important problem in optics. Often the properties of the nonlinear media are not fully understood. The solution of an inverse problem can provide an aid to that understanding. An inverse transmission problem is posed, it is one of reconstructing the medium parameters, by measurement of a wave that has been propagated through the nonlinear medium

This paper studies regional museum, archives and arts education commissions of the Region of Scania, reformed in 2009, from a policy analysis perspective. It describes the background, design and implementation of the new policy and analyses its effects. The paper gives detailed information on the complexities of policy tool design and implementation, and discusses it in the light of regional gover

The aim of this study is to systematically compare parametric and non-parametric techniques for analyzing trends in annual NDVI derived from NOAA AVHRR sensor in order to examine how trend type and departure from normality assumptions affect the accuracy of detecting long-term change. To generate annual data, the mean NDVI of a four-month long ‘green’ season was computed for fifteen sites (located

Abstract in UndeterminedFaster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling is a method of improving bandwidth efficiency by transmitting information beyond Nyquist's orthogonality limit for interference free transmission. Previously have theoretically established that FTN can provide improved bandwidth efficiency. However, this comes at the cost of higher decoding complexity at the receiver. Our work has evaluat

Arid and semiarid Middle Eastern countries generally, and Syria in particular, face serious water shortage problems and challenges with water sustainability. Climate change, population growth, and economic development play a major role in decreasing available water resources per capita. This, in turn, has great impact on domestic, agricultural, and industrial water use. In this study, marginal and

Popular Abstract in Swedish Idag tar de flesta för givet att man när och var som helst kan komma åt sin e-post, ladda upp bilder till Facebook eller söka kunskap på Wikipedia från sin mobiltelefon eller dator. Den trådlösa teknologi som gjort detta möjligt har utvecklats oerhört det senaste årtiondet, men behöver utvecklas ännu mer för att möta det ökande behovet av trådlös kommunikation. I dennaThe traffic in wireless networks has been showing an exponential growth over the last decade. In order to meet the demand, and support a continuation of this growth, the scarce radio resources need to be efficiently used. The use of multiple antenna (MIMO) systems and iterative (turbo) receivers has significantly improved the realizable system performance. Still, many challenges exist in the devel

This paper discusses importance of a strategic planning and design process when developing long-term space exploration missions both robotic and manned. The discussion begins with reviewing current and/or traditional international perspectives on space development at the American, Russian and European space agencies. Some analogies and comparisons will be drawn upon analysis of several internation

In this paper three unit root tests that allow for a break in both the seasonal mean and linear trend of the data are proposed. The tests, which can be seen as smallsample corrected versions of already known asymptotic tests, are shown to perform very well in simulations, and much better than their asymptotic counterparts.

The tremendous development in the past ten last years of the Internet and ICT at large (whether it be in general technologies like semantic modeling, knowledge mining, RFID or mobile technologies, or domain-oriented ones like e-commerce, collaborative spaces, digital mock-ups, etc.) has opened a large spectrum of potential applica-tions of ICT in the Construction sector. The real adaptation and de