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The aim of this investigation is to answer the question of why it is prima facie morally wrong to cause or contribute to the extinction of species. The first potential answer investigated in the book is that other species are instrumentally valuable for human beings. The results of this part of the investigation are that many species are instrumentally valuable for human beings but that not all sp

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear but hyperglycemia is an established risk factor. Endothelial dysfunction and changes in Ca(2+) signaling have been shown to precede the onset of DR. We recently demonstrated that high extracellular glucose activates the Ca(2+)/calcineurin-dependent transcription factor NFAT in cerebral arteries and aorta, promoting the expression of inf

Breast cancer incidence has markedly increased in Western countries for reasons that are not entirely understood. We characterized periodic and age-specific incidence trends of breast cancer in immigrants who migrated from low incidence areas to Sweden. The incidence in immigrants was compared to that in native Swedes and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated, based on the Swedish F

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the knowledge sharing processes in a knowledge-intensive firm and to explore how organizational culture influences knowledge sharing. Methodology: The present study is qualitative, and the material is approached through interpretative reading. The richness of the results is further enhanced by critically analyzing the informants’ taken for granted understandi

Nearly all BITs include the MFN standard. The conventional idea appears to have held that the MFN standard only entitles the beneficiary of an MFN provision to invoke more favorable substantive provisions. However, this conception was altered in 2000 when an ICSID tribunal rendered an award in which it held that the scope of an MFN clause may include dispute settlement and questions of jurisdictio

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-platelet (PLT) immunity has been shown to be initiated by indirect allorecognition where recipient T cells recognize donor PLT antigens presented by class II molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on recipient antigen-presenting cells. To understand how the recipient's MHC class II molecules may influence PLT alloimmunity, immune res

The aim of this explorative study is to examine the theorical notions in the business model of innovatin that are influence by use of management control systems (MCS). By means of a systematic literature review, the theoretical contrructs are explored and related to part of the MCS, namely the performance measurement systems (PMS) and the business model of innovation (i.e. innovation input, proces

that are influenced by use of management control systems (MCS). By means of a systematic literature review, the theoretical constructs are explored and related to part of the MCS, namely the performance measurement systems (PMS) and the business model of innovation (i.e. innovation input, process, output, and outcome). The results of the systematic literature review will be used to develop a set o

All stars are formed in some form of cluster or association. These environments can have a much higher number density of stars than the field of the galaxy. Such crowded places are hostile environments: a large fraction of initially single stars will undergo close encounters with other stars or exchange into binaries. We describe how such close encounters and exchange encounters will affect the pr

Alpha-particle irradiation of cells damages not only the irradiated cells but also nontargeted bystander cells. It has been proposed that the bystander effect is caused by oxidants and free radicals generated by the radiation. Recent studies have shown that α(1)-microglobulin protects against cell damage caused by oxidants and free radicals. Using a novel experimental system that allows irradiatio