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Background: Small-angle scattering (SAS) is a powerful technique capable of determining the sample averaged structure of systems within sizes ranging from 1 nm to ~500 nm. This is particularly useful when applied to the study of self-assembled organic systems. Objective: This review article introduces the method of model-dependent analysis of small angle scattering. Method: The underlying mathemat
Harvesting the excess energy from absorbed above bandgap photons is a promising approach to overcome the detailed balance limit for higher solar cell efficiencies. However, this remains very challenging for 2D layered halide perovskites as the fast excess energy loss competes effectively with charge extraction. Herein, the authors engineer the energy cascade manifold of quantum well (QW) states in
Flicker, or more precisely temporal light modulation (TLM), has re-emerged as a problem with the introduction of LED-based lighting technology. TLM, meaning variations in light intensity over time, may have negative effects on human health, causing annoyance, headaches, eyestrain and migraine. In addition to the unnecessary suffering TLM causes in individuals, the negative consequences of TLM crea
In the wake of crises and “enlargement fatigue”, EU politics deprioritized enlargement. Recently, however, the Commission motioned a reinvigorated enlargement prospect for the Western Balkans, identifying Serbia and Montenegro as the front runners. This paper advises that in going forward, the EU should also look back at its five decades of enlargement. The article focuses on environmental protect
Over the last few decades, a critical revision of prior scholarship concerning Roman domestic space has led to the reappraisal of the traditional account of the atrium suggesting a possibility for this space to be ‘unroofed’. Accordingly, scholars have proposed to look for a convergence of impulses previously cultivated in isolation combining new theoretical frameworks, and a careful examination o
Growing preclinical and clinical evidence highlights neurosteroid pathway imbalances in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). We recently reported that 5α-reductase (5AR) inhibitors dampen dyskinesias in parkinsonian rats; however, unraveling which specific neurosteroid mediates this effect is critical to optimize a targeted therapy. Among the 5AR-related neurosteroids, s
Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causal therapeutic option for allergic airway diseases including asthma and allergic rhinitis. AIT has been shown to restore the allergen immune tolerance, can modify both the early and late-onset allergen-specific airway hyperreactivity, helps to achieve disease control/remission and prevents new sensitisations. Recent real life data on long-term
När vi människor försöker röra på oss skickas elektriska impulser genom nervsystemet från hjärnan ner till de muskler som är inblandade i den tilltänkta rörelsen. Att kunna mäta sådana nervimpulser hade varit av värde för en rad tillämpningar—information hade då kunnat överföras direkt från nervsystemet utan att gå via långsamma, mekaniska gränssnitt så som tangentbord och pekskärmar. OlyckligtvisElectrical activity produced by muscles during voluntary movement is a reflection of the firing patterns of relevant motor neurons and, by extension, the latent motor intent driving the movement. Once transduced via electromyography (EMG) and converted into digital form, this activity can be processed to provide an estimate of the original motor intent and is as such a feasible basis for non-invas
Vast amounts of resources extracted through the times are in today’s built environment, with only an estimated 20-30% of building material recycled or reused and the sector accounting for over 35% of the EU’s total waste generation. Buildings are also responsible for 25-40% of all global carbon dioxide emissions. Circular Economy (CE) refers to the better management of resources and waste by closi
Conservation and consistency are fundamental properties of discretizations of systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. Re- cently, these concepts have been extended to the realm of iterative methods by defining locally conservative and flux consistent iterations. In this note, the current status of such iterative methods is summarized. In particular, it has been shown that Krylov subspace methods
Background: Due to the demographic challenge in most countries it is important to consider making work life sustainable. A sustainable work life is of importance in all age groups when working life will be extended to a higher age. Aim: Towards a theoretical model with an impact on a sustainable working life for all ages, the swAge - model. Method: The theoretical model, the swAge-model, is develo
SUMMARY: Antibody repertoires reveal insights into the biology of the adaptive immune system and empower diagnostics and therapeutics. There are currently multiple tools available for the annotation of antibody sequences. All downstream analyses such as choosing lead drug candidates depend on the correct annotation of these sequences; however, a thorough comparison of the performance of these tool
The Third Symposium, IAL 3, Progress and problems in lichenology in the nineties, Salzburg, Austria. 1–7 September 1996 Abstracts. Oral Presentation. Section B.
Striving to meet the challenges facing our society today, there is a growth in the number of cross‐sector collaboration. Expectations on these organizations are high in terms of their ability to deliver innovative solutions to wicked issues, but the task is challenging. This study contributes to our understanding of Triple Helix constellations and their ability to take on challenges related to com
In high-energy physics, Monte Carlo event generators (MCEGs) are used to simulate the interactions of high energy particles. MCEG event records store the information on the simulated particles and their relationships, and thus reflect the simulated evolution of physics phenomena in each collision event. We present the HepMC3 library, a next-generation framework for MCEG event record encoding and m
