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There is some evidence that perinatal factors, specifically birth weight (BW), may be related to the onset of prostate cancer (PRCA). This case-control study, nested within the Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort Study, used archived birth record data from 308 incident PRCA cases diagnosed between 1991 and 2005, and 637 age-matched controls among 4781 men born (1923-1945) in Malmo and Lund, Sweden. We ap

In-situ, quasi-continuous measurements of atmospheric hydrogen (H-2) have been performed since October 2007 at the Cabauw tall tower station in the Netherlands. Mole fractions of H-2, CO and several greenhouse gases are determined simultaneously in air sampled successively at four heights, between 20 and 200 m above ground level. Rn-222 measurements are performed in air sampled at 20 and 200 m. Th

Objective: C-peptide is a main outcome measure in treatment trials of diabetes. C-peptide also has a role in the classification of diabetes, which is often difficult in adults and this is also increasingly recognised in adolescents and elders. Aim: We aimed to describe the levels of C-peptide in relation to age and body mass index (BMI) in a large population-based cohort of adults with newly diagn

Site-directed mutagenesis of a thermostable alkaline phytase from Bacillus sp. MD2 was performed with an aim to increase its specific activity and activity and stability in an acidic environment. The mutation sites are distributed on the catalytic surface of the enzyme (P257R, E180N, E229V and S283R) and in the active site (K77R, K179R and E227S). Selection of the residues was based on the idea th

This study aimed to determine the impact of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors given pre- and post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation on long term outcome of patients allografted for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This retrospective analysis from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of EBMT included 473 de novo Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia pat

Children diagnosed with noncentral nervous system solid cancers (NCNSSC) experience several adverse late effects, including second malignant neoplasm. The aim of our study was to assess the risk of specific second malignancies after a childhood NCNSSC. Diagnosis and follow-up data on 10,988 cases of NCNSSC in children (0-14 years) were obtained from 13 registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SI

Background: The FTO gene harbors the strongest known susceptibility locus for obesity. While many individual studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) may attenuate the effect of FTO on obesity risk, other studies have not been able to confirm this interaction. To confirm or refute unambiguously whether PA attenuates the association of FTO with obesity risk, we meta-analyzed data from 45

Previous studies have indicated that ionizing radiation, particularly during childhood, is the main established risk factor for thyroid cancer. History of benign nodules/adenoma, goiter, iodine deficiency or high-iodine intake might be other associated factors. We wanted to define the histology-specific thyroid cancer risk in the first-generation immigrants to Sweden. We used the 2010 update of th

The perfusion-/diffusion-weighted imaging (PWI/DWI) mismatch and the diffusion/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (DWI/FLAIR) mismatch are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of evolving brain ischemia. We examined whether the DWI/FLAIR mismatch was independently associated with the PWI/DWI mismatch. Furthermore, we determined whether the presence of the DWI/FLAIR mismatch in patients with t

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct ethanol metabolite, and has recently attracted attention as biomarker of ethanol intake. The aims of the current study are: (1) to characterize the normalization time of PEth in larger samples than previously conducted; (2) to elucidate potential gender differences; and (3) to report the correlation of PEth with other biomarkers and self-reported alcohol cons

Herbivory is an important part of most ecosystems, and grazing alone can have a considerable impact on the ecosystems carbon balance with both direct and indirect effects. Removal of above-ground biomass by consumption of herbivores will change the below-ground carbon stock; the reduction of litter that goes into the ground will influence the total ecosystem carbon content. Little is however known

Context: First-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes (FH+) have been shown to have decreased energy expenditure and decreased expression of mitochondrial genes in skeletal muscle. In previous studies, it has been difficult to distinguish whether mitochondrial dysfunction and differential regulation of genes are primary (genetic) or due to reduced physical activity, obesity, or other co

General and abdominal adiposity are associated with a high risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), but the role of these exposures on cancer survival has been less studied. The association between pre-diagnostic anthropometric characteristics and CRC-specific and all-cause death was examined among 3,924 men and women diagnosed with CRC between 1992 and 2009 in the European Prospective Investig

OBJECTIVES: To determine in a large prospective population-based cohort study relationships between different measures of body mass and incidence of severe knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) defined as arthroplasty of knee or hip due to OA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), weight, and percentage of body fat (BF%) was measured at baseline in 11

Objective. This study was undertaken to investigate the previously reported association of the STAT4 polymorphism rs7574865 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 3 different European populations from Spain, Sweden, and The Netherlands, comprising a total of 2,072 patients and 2,474 controls. Methods. Three different cohorts were included in the study: 923 RA patients and 1,296 healthy controls from Sp

Background: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of several complications of prematurity. The glutathione cycle is one of the most important intracellular antioxidant systems. The synthesis of glutathione may not be adequate in preterm neonates because of the low levels of cysteine available. The aim of this study was to evaluate cysteine and glutathione metabolism during the first w

Objective: Individual-based studies on restricted geographical settings have suggested that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may precipitate congestive heart failure. As NSAID use is very extensive, it might increase the occurrence of symptomatic heart failure in the general population. Therefore, in order to study the impact of NSAID utilisation (prescribed and over the counter) on h

Studies of birdmigration in the Beringia region of Alaska and eastern Siberia are of special interest for revealing the importance of bird migration between Eurasia and North America, for evaluating orientation principles used by the birds at polar latitudes and for understanding the evolutionary implications of intercontinental migratory connectivity among birds as well as their parasites. We use

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen syftar till att undersöka arbetslöshetens sociala konsekvenser och försöka ge en rimlig tolkning av variationer i arbetslöshetserfarenheter med hjälp av en teoretisk modell - ekonomi-skam modellen. Fokus ligger på att söka lyfta fram och visa på betydelsen av ekonomiska påfrestningar i kombination med skamupplevelser som en faktor för att förstå skillnader The purpose of this study has been to investigate the social consequences of unemployment and to give a possible interpretation of unemployment experiences through the application of the economy-shame model. It intends to put forward and show the significance of economic stress in combination with the feeling of shame as a factor important for the understanding of differences in unemploy-ment expe