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En av de mest betydelsefulla grundpelarna i den svenska brottmålsprocessen är att ingen ska dömas på felaktiga grunder och för att eliminera felaktiga fällande domar måste det finnas ett strängt beviskrav. Syftet med detta arbete är att utifrån gällande beviskrav ställt utom rimligt tvivel utröna vad beviskravet innebär samt hur det tillämpas och tolkas i mordfall. Vidare ämnar framställningen ockΟne of the most fundamental principles of the Swedish Criminal Process is that nobody should be judged wrongly and in order to eliminate erroneous convictions, there must be a strict required proofs against prosecutors. The purpose of this essay is to, based on the established evidence requirements, beyond reasonable doubt, what the requirement for proof means and how it is applied and interprete

Whether migrating birds compensate fur wind drift or not has been discussed frequently during the last decades. Observed behaviours seem to differ between species and situations. Even though complete compensation allows a bird to fly the shortest distance during its migration, this is not necessarily the optimal solution in all cases. There are certain situations when drifting with the wind, and t

Abstract in Uncoded languages Inspiracija za rad i problem(i) koji se radom oslovljava(ju): Ranija istraživanja poslijeratnih društava istakla su strukturalno nasilje sa pratećim procesima pomirenja. Autori su istakli važnost priča, ali se nisu fokusirali na priče o pomirenju niti su analizirali uvjete za pomirenje u poslijeratnim intervjuima. Ciljevi rada (naučni i/ili društveni): Cilj članka je Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Previous research on post-war society emphasized structural violence with subsequent reconciliation processes. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): Researchers have focused on the importance of narratives, but they have neither highlighted narratives about reconciliation nor analyzed conditions for reconciliation in post-war interviews. One a

In the year 2000, the alcohol habits of 1460 Swedish university students living in residence halls were assessed. The students had a mean age of 23.8 years, and 64% were male. The results from this baseline assessment show that the mean AUDIT score (± sd) was 10.3 ± 5.2 for males and 8.1 ± 4.7 for females. AUDIT stands for Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and is used world-wide to assess

Popular Abstract in Swedish Epilepsi är en allvarlig kronisk neurologisk sjukdom, som drabbar ungefär 1% av befolkningen. Sjukdomen yttrar sig genom plötsliga återkommande krampanfall, som beror på en obalans i hjärnan mellan hämmande (inhibitoriska) och stimulerande (excitatoriska) nervimpulser. När de stimulerande impulserna tar överhand leder detta till överstimulering, också kallad för hyperexEpilepsy is a severe chronic neurological disorder, affecting about 1% of the population. The disease is manifested by spontaneous recurrent seizures, caused by hypersynchronized neuronal activity due to imbalance in the brain between the inhibition and excitation. Symptoms are treated with anti-epileptic drugs, but unfortunately, 30-40% of patients respond poorly to current treatment. Therefore,

he basic idea of the particular way of understanding mental phenomena that has inspired the "cognitive revolution" is that, as a result of certain relatively recent intellectual and technological innovations, informed theorists now possess a more powerfully insightful comparison or model for mind than was available to any thinkers in the past. The model in question is that of software, or the list

Popular Abstract in Swedish Popularized summary in Swedish (Sammanfattning på svenska) Blödarsjuka - hemofili - är en ärftlig sjukdom som endast uppträder hos män och som överföres av kvinnliga bärare vilka ej är blödare. Sjukdomen tar sig uttryck i en abnorm blödningsbenägenhet med framför allt ledblödningar och då redan från tidig ålder. Det finns två typer av blödarsjuka, hemofili A respektiveIn patients with severe hemophilia it is today possible to prevent the development of arthropathy by giving effective continuous prophylaxis from an early age, thus preventing the VIII:C or IX:C concentration from falling below 1% of normal. All the signs show that if a high-dose prophylactic regimen - that is, 3,000-5,000 U/kg body weight annually - is started as early as 1-2 years of age, the pa

Despite the recent theoretical and empirical advancements in the geography of innovation literature regarding the role that global sources of knowledge may have for regional growth and development, research in this field remains focused on successful regions and clusters in developed countries. Hitherto there has been limited research on the role of regions located in developing countries and the

While traditionally treated separately, the research disciplines dealing with electromagnetic fields respectively continuum mechanics are naturally connected. Not only are the basic equations formulated in a similar way, but the presence of electromagnetic fields affect the balance equations of continuum mechanics and likewise, the presence of material continua affect the electromagnetic fields

Atmospheric dispersion represents a relatively overlooked problem in connection with the ultimate quality of ELT images corrected by adaptive optics (AO). The aim of this paper is to evaluate the contribution from atmospheric dispersion to the background level of the point-spread function (PSF). Since proper suppression of this level is important for the prospects for direct exo-planet observation

Popular Abstract in Swedish Även om vi kanske inte tänker på det så ofta så är vår förmåga att bedöma likhet av stor vikt, inte minst då det gäller begreppsbildning och generalisering. Denna avhandling handlar om likhet, speciellt geometriska modeller av likhet. I sådana modeller representeras objekt som punkter i abstrakta rum, och likhet svarar (omvänt) mot avstånd i rummen. Avhandlingen tar uThis dissertation examines and discusses some phenomena related to the geometric representation of similarity. It takes its inspiration from the existing body of empirical research within the fields of perceptual and cognitive psychology, but also connects to certain areas of machine learning. The problems discussed concern the modelling of information integration behavior when concepts like asym

Popular Abstract in Swedish I innemiljöer är ofta innertaken nedsänkta för att ge plats åt elinstallationer, ventilationsdon och dylikt. Om innertaken från början består av plattor som reflekterar ljud, så kan dessa perforeras och förses med porösa skikt, och därmed även användas som ljudabsorbenter. Mekanismerna för denna ljudabsorption är i princip välkänd, men det tillkommer bland annat en del The sound absorption characteristics of resonant absorbers, implemented as perforated suspended inner ceilings attached with thin porous layers, are investigated. Several existing theories model the principal absorption mechanisms, but the interaction with the outer sound field influences the absorption in ways that can be modelled with new approaches. The effect of arranging the absorbing surfac

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sammanfattning Teknik är alltid skapad för en förväntad brukare i ett antaget sammanhang. Inom kommersiell luftfart är dessa antaganden när det gäller design tydliga. Såväl besättning som utrustning är certifierad för en viss typ av operationer i enlighet med flygplanets drifthandbok. Trots denna genomtänkta definition av användare i sitt sammanhang händer det ändå attAbstract Technology is always designed for an assumed user in an assumed context. In commercial aviation, these design assumptions are clearly spelt out in that both crew and equipment are certificated for a specific operation as stated in the aircraft flight manual. Despite this well defined user context, the designed-for and the real contexts often differ enough so that adaptations of working p

Popular Abstract in Swedish Svenska myndigheter behöver ibland samarbeta med utländska myndigheter, till exempel i ärenden som rör personer, föremål eller information som finns utomlands. Detta kan leda till komplexa juridiska problem som kräver pragmatiska lösningar. I avhandlingen undersöks rättsliga ramar för sådana lösningar. Undersökningen är särskilt inriktad på rättsligt bindande avtal som When Swedish administrative authorities co-operate with foreign administrative authorities, this may give rise to legally complex situations. This thesis investigates legal frameworks to solve the ensuing problems. The investigation in particular deals with binding agreements concluded by Swedish state authorities and municipalities with corresponding types of foreign public bodies. By the conclus

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine (ASI) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology. The glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) enzyme catalyses the detoxification of compounds involved in carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach, colon and lung, including constituents of tobacco smoke. We investigated a possible interaction between the lack of GSTM1 enzyme activity and the carcinogenic compou

It is contended in this thesis that the introduction of a legal regime with a rateless structure, subject only to market forces and a rebuttable statutory presumption as to where the rate line of conscience should be drawn, can provide a solution if the rate charged by pawnbrokers is to be regulated. The thesis also shows that a uniform pawn ticket issued as a negotiable document of title, and tra

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) methods generate different contrasts for MRI. However, they share many similarities in terms of pulse sequences and mechanistic principles. They all use RF pulse preparation schemes to label the longitudinal magnetization of certain proton pools and follow the delivery and transfer

This paper presents results from a risk assessment of recycling pre-treated bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration as a subbase layer in certain asphalt paved constructions in Sweden. Based on a model for assessing environmental and health risks at contaminated areas, previously developed by the Swedish EPA and by the Swedish Geotechnical Institute, target values for total content and