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This research monograph explores new frontiers in Markov chains. Although time-homogeneous Markov chains are well understood, this is not at all the case with time-inhomogeneous ones. The book, after a review on the classical theory of homogeneous chains, including the electrical network approach, introduces several new models which involve inhomogeneous chains as well as related new types of rand

The purpose of this thesis’ topic is to investigate the evolutionary dispersal of the Charon’s fee or Obolus rite outside the Roman provinces in Northern Europe, with a specific focus on Roman Iron Age and Migration Period Scandinavia. The aim of this study is therefore to add further understanding to the spread of Roman cultural influences outside the imperial borders and what made Roman material

Purpose: This study’s purpose is to study the long term effects of M&A and to examine whether stock price is the only determinant of post-merger performance or if operating performance can be used as an additional determinant. How underlying variables impact these measures are also part of this study´s purpose. Methodology: A quantitative approach is used where two event studies are conducte

Payment for water ecosystem services has been gaining attention in Latin America because of the direct response for environmental conservation through economic mechanisms. By connecting nature services with people who benefit from them, it creates a sustainable intervention for the ecosystem’s management while enhancing human well-being according to policy implementers. Nevertheless, these initiat

While foreign direct investments (FDI) are promoted as a vehicle for economic development their environmental consequences are less established. This study tests the hypotheses that 1) FDI led to environmental degradation in form of increased greenhouse gas emissions during Sub-Saharan Africa´s recent growth spurt but that 2) this impact was felt to a lesser extent in countries with a higher quali

The aim of this paper is to study the extent to which non-Annex I countries are implementing or exploring select actions that support both climate change mitigation and sustainable development objectives in the energy sector. The research is based on a survey of the national communications of 100 non-Annex I Parties to the UNFCCC. Although national communications are intended to provide informatio

The properties of the bootstrap test for restrictions are studied in two versions: 1) bootstrapping under the null hypothesis, restricted, and 2) bootstrapping under the alternative hypothesis, unrestricted. This article demonstrates the equivalence of these two methods, and illustrates the small sample properties of the Wald test for testing Granger-Causality in a stable stationary VAR system by

The European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) survey reported on the largest cohort of 125 aggressive pituitary tumours (APT) and 40 pituitary carcinomas (PC). Whilst the survey focused on treatment effectiveness, all pathological data were not explored in detail. Here, we comment on some interesting pathological findings, notably the difference between APT and PC.

Adopting a qualitative approach to the investigation of high achievement, the authors analyzed how high-achieving women in the Swedish workplace made meaning of positive and negative experiences in their work. The data consisted of interviews with 15 women identified as being high achieving in their respective field, and it was analyzed using grounded theory methodology. The women described five d

Increased use of powerful PCR technology for the routine detection of pathogens has focused attention on the need for international validation and preparation of official non-commercial guidelines. Bacteria of epidemiological importance should be the prime focus, although a "validation infrastructure" once established could easily be adapted for PCR-based detection of viruses and parasites. The ai

Bacterial infections represent a serious health care problem, and all multicellular organisms have developed defense mechanisms to eliminate pathogens that enter the host via different paths including wounds. Many invertebrates have an open circulatory system, and effective coagulation systems are in place to ensure fast and efficient closure of wounds. It was proposed early on that coagulation sy

While foreign direct investments (FDI) are promoted as a vehicle for economic development their environmental consequences are less estab-lished. This study tests the hypotheses that 1) FDI led to environmental deg-radation in form of increased greenhouse gas emissions during Sub-Saharan Africa´s recent growth spurt but that 2) this impact was felt to a lesser extent in countries with a higher qua