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Background Direct cell reprogramming is characterized by the use of defined factors to rewire the transcriptional and epigenetic network of one cell-type into one of a different lineage. We have recently identified the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8, and BAFT3 (PIB) as sufficient to induce a type 1 conventional dendritic cell (cDC1) fate in both somatic and cancer cells.1,2 cDC1 is a rare dendri
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease is essential to develop preventive treatment strategies. Detectible change in brain volume emerges relatively late in the pathogenic progression of disease, but microstructural changes caused by early neuropathology may cause subtle changes in the MR signal, quantifiable using texture analysis. Texture analysis quantifies spatial patterns in an image, such as
Lunds kommuns klimatpolitiska råd bildades hösten 2018 med uppdrag attutvärdera hur Lunds kommuns samlade politik är förenlig med de klimatmålsom antagits av kommunfullmäktige. Rådet som är det första lokala klimatpolitiska rådet i Sverige är en unik satsning för främjandet av ett aktivt och framåtsyftande lokalt klimatarbete.Sveriges kommuner har en viktig roll att fylla i klimatarbetet – för såv
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the synthesis of well-defined polymer nanohybrid materials bearing desirable functionality via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) for potential bioapplications.SI-ATRP is an excellent controlled radical polymerization (CRP) method for the synthesis of polymer nanohybrid by growing polymer brushes (chains) from an interfac
Att planera lokal och regional kollektivtrafik i så kallade ’starka stråk’ – det vill säga att koncentrera infrastruktur och resurser till ett antal färre, men attraktivare stråk i en stad eller en region – är ett standardförfarande i samtida kollektivtrafikplanering. Så har inte alltid varit fallet dock. Denna avhandling visar hur organiseringen av beslutsfattande, planeringspraktiker och den rumPlanning local and regional public transport in so-called ’transit corridors’ – i.e., to concentrate infrastructure and resources to few, but more attractive corridors in a city or a region – is commonplace in contemporary public transport planning. This has not always been the case, however. In this thesis I analyze how transit corridors have come to dominate the policies and planning practices o
The 2015 Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aims to keep global average temperature increases well below 2 °C of preindustrial levels in the Year 2100. Vital to its success is achieving a decrease in the abundance of atmospheric methane (CH4), the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. If this reduction is to be achieved, individual nations mu
BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates have profound effects on bone physiology, and could modify the process of metastasis. We undertook collaborative meta-analyses to clarify the risks and benefits of adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in breast cancer.METHODS: We sought individual patient data from all unconfounded trials in early breast cancer that randomised between bisphosphonate and control. Primary ou
Moving from a fossil dependent to a fossil free economy requires increased energy production from renewable resources. This thesis discusses the utilization of agricultural waste streams, such as straw and manure, for biogas production. The first part of the research presented focuses on pretreatment of straw with the aim to reduce the handling issues concerning straw and improve the degradation o
Radar data at C-band has shown great potential for the monitoring of soil and canopy hydric conditions of wheat crops. In this study, the C-band Sentinel-1 time series including the backscattering coefficients σ0 at VV and VH polarization, the polarization ratio (PR) and the interferometric coherence ρ are first analyzed with the support of experimental data gathered on three plots of irrigated wi
Antibiotic resistance is a major threat for our society and finding novel antibacterial therapies is of greatimportance. In this thesis, we investigate bacterial sialic acid uptake inhibitors as a novel antibacterial approach.Bacteria do not biosynthesise sialic acid and therefore harvest it from the host. Sialic acid plays a crucial role forpathogenic bacteria, since it is used as a source of car
Insect behaviours, such as host and mate selection, are often mediated by chemical cues. The chemical cuesare detected by large and rapidly evolving families of chemoreceptors which include odorant receptors (ORs),gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs). In this thesis, I used a model system of beetle(Coleoptera) species to study the functional evolution of insect ORs, their ligan
Objectives: The randomized controlled trial comparing digital breast tomosynthesis and synthetic 2D mammograms (DBT + SM) versus digital mammography (DM) (the To-Be 1 trial), 2016–2017, did not result in higher cancer detection for DBT + SM. We aimed to determine if negative cases prior to interval and consecutive screen-detected cancers from DBT + SM were due to interpretive error. Methods: Five
Delirium is a serious and common condition in the intensive care unit (ICU), which affects 30-50 % of the patients and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in the context of long-term outcomes. No evidence-based treatment for delirium exists, and currently, delirium is mainly treated pharmacologically with haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic agent. The “Agents Intervening against
Room acoustic simulations are an important tool, both for design of spaces with satisfactory acoustics and for use in virtual reality experiences. Auralization of acoustic simulations are becoming more and more important in the context of Virtual and Augmented reality (VR and AR respectively), as the technology is used more and more in healthcare, culture and research. In this work, ray tracing si
divided the data set temporally, assessing the persistence of identified subgroups over different periods. The reassessment of mortality risk used the targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) method to achieve more robust causal modeling. Results: We analyzed data from 21,005 children. The mortality risk (6 weeks to 3 years of age) was 5.2% (95% CI 4.8%-5.6%) for children born between 2003 an
Young offenders have long been treated differently than adult offenders in the Swedish penal system. Anyone who commits crimes before the age of 21 is today treated differently both in terms of the sentencing measure and the choice of penalty. Among other things, the young offenders gets their sentence reduced by the so-called “penalty discount”. In December of 2018 a government department issued
Vår hud är hem för en stor grupp av mikroorganismer, hudens mikroflora, som påverkar vår hälsa och vårt välbefinnande. Ändå finns det många aspekter av detta ämne som ännu är outforskade. Detta projekt syftade till att optimera en metod för analys av hudens mikroflora och effekten av hudvårdsprodukter på hudens mikroflora, från provtagning och provberedning till analys med kvantitativ polymeraskedOur skin is home to a vast community of microorganisms, the skin micro flora, which affect our health and well-being. Yet, there are many aspects of this topic that are still unexplored. This project aimed to optimize a method for analysis of the skin micro flora and the effect of skin care products on the skin micro flora, from sampling and sample preparation to analysis with quantitative polymer
Alla påverkas av cancer, direkt eller indirekt och under de senaste decennierna har antalet cancerfall ökat. Med strålbehandling kan man bekämpa cancern genom att bestråla tumören med joniserande strålning samtidigt som man försöker skydda omkringliggande frisk vävnad i den mån det går. Med dagens teknik kan man uppnå bättre tumörkontroll samtidigt som den friska vävnaden kan skyddas i större utrsBackground/Purpose: The aperture shape controller (ASC) was introduced in the Eclipse treatment planning system to reduce plan complexity by counteracting irregular multileaf collimator (MLC) shapes. This should lead to decreased difference between the planned and measured dose distribution. The ASC was investigated to examine if it could limit plan complexity so that the planned and measured dose
