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Dwarf galaxies are a key component in understanding the evolution of galaxies and provide tests on the standard cosmological $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter model. According to the formation hierarchy, dwarf galaxies are the pieces that create all galaxies. Our current understanding of dwarf galaxies faces discrepancies between theory and observations. These problems are mostly due to incompleteness in
Ett av Sveriges klimat- och energipolitiska mål avser effektivare energianvändning. Ett sätt att uppnå målet är genom kravställning på energihushållning vid renovering av byggnader. I de fall då det med hänsyn till byggnadens kultur- och arkitektoniska värde inte går att tillämpa beprövade metoder får andra alternativa metoder sökas. En sådan annan alternativ metod är en dubbelskalfasad och innebäOne of Sweden's political objective is to increase energy efficiency. One way to achieve the objective is by making demands on the use of energy after a building has been renovated. Regarding the building's cultural and architectural values there are cases where it is not possible to apply proven methods to meet the demands, and other alternative methods must be sought. Such an alternative
I huvudsak är derivatinstrument ett samlingsnamn som används för att definiera finansiella instrument, vars värde härrör från en annan underliggande tillgång. Det finns en stor mängd olika derivatinstrument. De tre mest grundläggande typerna av derivatinstrument är optioner, terminer och swapar. Andra derivatinstrument är egentligen bara variationer av dessa. Det huvudsakliga användningsområdet fö
With an increasingly population and urbanization, the solid waste management have become a major challenge for local authorities in developing countries all over the world. The local authorities must improve their waste management in order to minimize the negative effects of solid waste and to avoid future land use conflicts. At the same time the economical resources are limited and solid waste ma
Dealing with water diffuse pollution is a major problem for watershed managers. This problem raises many complicated questions, which are important to answer in order to reach water environment protection goals. This study suggested some possible answers for the country of Lithuania. Among them were the identification of critical source areas, the identification of sensitive areas and the applicat
In an urbanizing world, challenged by climate change and rising temperatures, street vegetation can help mitigate urban temperatures. However, scaling the understanding of street vegetation’s cooling effects from local observations to the city level introduces challenges. While several studies have assessed the influence of street greenery on land surface temperature (LST) at the city scale using
The release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from inland waters plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, there are uncertainties related to estimating riverine CO2 evasion (FCO2), especially in data scarce regions such as the Tibetan Plateau. It is unclear how global change in the form of climate warming and anthropogenic disturbance affects emissions. This study reports annual CO2 fluxes a
Entreprenören bär enligt huvudregeln i kap. 5 § 1 st. 1 AB 04 ansvar för skada på den ej avlämnade delen av entreprenaden. Detta ansvar benämns ibland som entreprenörens objektansvar. Undantag görs från entreprenörens objektansvar i de fall då en skada anses bero på beställaren, då en skada anses vara en följd av beställarens brukande av en ej avlämnad del av entreprenaden eller om en skada anses According to the main rule in chap. 5 § 1 st. 1 AB 04, the contractor is considered liable in regard to any damage to any part of the contracted work which has not been subject to a handover. This accountability is sometimes referred to as the contractor's object liability. Exceptions can be made in regard to the contractor's object liability in such instances where a damage might be consi
Varje år diagnostiseras i Sverige ungefär 1100 personer med cancer i huvudhalsregionen. Typiska diagnoser är tungcancer, läppcancer och cancer i struphuvudet. I och runt om munhålan finns det stora skillnader i densitet mellan till exempel vävnad och tänder och vävnad och tandlagningar. I detta arbete så har effekterna av ett antal olika tandlagningsmaterial på dosberäkningarna undersökts. För a"Introduction: Around 1.000 people are diagnosed with head and neck cancer in Sweden every year. Radiotherapy is often used to treat these tumors. When irradiating patients in the head and neck area there are some problems. One of these problems is the large difference in density between the oral tissue and dental materials. Another problem is the image artifacts due to high-density materials
Monte Carlo-simuleringar har fått en ökad betydelse som forskningsverktyg inom nuklearmedicinsk bildgivning eftersom man på ett mycket kontrollerat sätt kan studera nästan vad man vill. I denna studie har datorsimuleringar av ett PET-system gjorts med ett program som heter GATE. PET (Positron Emission Tomography) är en nuklearmedicinsk bildgivningsteknik som används mer och mer inom sjukvården sIntroduction: Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful tool in research in the field of nuclear medicine imaging and there is a wide area of applications. The purpose of this work was (1) to understand the basics of the Monte Carlo simulation software Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE); (2) to create a model of Philips Gemini TF PET/CT system; (3) to run a number of simulations to comp
OBJECTIVE: To study intra-aneurysm sac pressure and subsequent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter changes in patients without endoleaks that remain unchanged in AAA diameter more than 1 year after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). METHODS: A total of 23 patients underwent direct intra-aneurysm sac pressure (DISP) measurements 16 months (IQR: 14-35 months) after EVAR. Tip-pressure sensors
Background Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a variant of cardiovascular autonomic disorder occurring predominantly in young women. POTS is characterized by an excessive heart rate increase when assuming upright posture accompanied by symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. The pathophysiology of POTS has not been fully established and is believed to be multifactorial. Purpose We a
Background: 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27HC) stimulates estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) progression. Inhibiting the sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) abrogates these growth-promoting effects of 27HC in mice. However, the significance of CYP27A1 expression on BC biology and prognosis is unclear. Methods: Intratumoral CYP27A1 expression in invasive BC was measured by immunohistochemist
Background: Acute coronary syndromes most commonly arise from thrombosis of lipid-rich coronary atheromas that have large plaque burden despite angiographically appearing mild. Objectives: This study sought to examine the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of non–flow-limiting vulnerable plaques. Methods: Three-vessel imaging was performed with a combination intravascular ultraso
Alzheimer's disease researchers have been intrigued by the selective regional vulnerability of the brain to amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Post-mortem studies indicate that in ageing and Alzheimer's disease tau tangles deposit early in the transentorhinal cortex, a region located in the anterior-temporal lobe that is critical for object memory. In contrast, amyloid-β pathology
Importance: Twin studies have assessed sibling resemblance for major depression (MD) but cannot address sources of resemblance across generations. Objective: To clarify the relative importance of genetic and rearing effects on the parent-offspring resemblance for MD. Design: This Swedish population register-based study examined parents and children from the following 5 family types: intact (2 041
BACKGROUND: Sacroiliac joint pain is increasingly recognized as a cause of low back pain. We compared the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive sacroiliac joint arthrodesis using triangular titanium implants and conservative management in patients with chronic sacroiliac joint pain. METHODS: This study was a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial of adults with chronic sacro
Background: Ovarian tumours are usually surgically removed because of the presumed risk of complications. Few large prospective studies on long-term follow-up of adnexal masses exist. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence of cyst complications and malignancy during the first 2 years of follow-up after adnexal masses have been classified as benign by use of ultrasonography. Methods: In the
Objective: To determine the role of inflammatory biomarkers at 2 years post–anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury to predict radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–defined knee OA at 5 years postinjury, with a secondary aim of estimating the concordance of inflammatory biomarkers assessed by MRI and synovial fluid (SF) analysis. Methods: We studied 113 patient
